微润灌溉入渗特性与荫蔽栽培下小粒咖啡生理生态对水光耦合的响应

发布时间：2018-05-23 13:42

本文选题：小粒咖啡 + 微润灌溉　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：云南小粒咖啡种植区气候干旱炎热,光照强烈等因素严重制约小粒咖啡的生长发育。另外小粒咖啡在长期系统的培育过程中,形成了喜爱半荫蔽遮荫环境的生长习性。本文结合室内微润灌溉入渗特性试验与小粒咖啡水光耦合试验,重点研究微润灌溉条件下土壤水分分布规律及变化特性,探明微润灌溉压力水头和荫蔽栽培水平对小粒咖啡生理生态及水分利用的影响,寻找小粒咖啡最佳微润灌溉压力水头和荫蔽栽培水平的耦合管理模式,进一步丰富小粒咖啡水光高效利用理论。微润灌溉入渗特性试验(室内试验)设置3个压力水头:低水头(H1.:1.0 m)、中水头(H1.5:1.5 m)和高水头(H2.0:2.0 m);3个土壤容重:自然容重(D1.0o:1.00 g·cm-3)、中度容重(D1.1s:1.15 g·cm-3)和重度容重(D 1.30:1.30 g·cm-3),主要研究了压力水头与土壤容重对湿润体内水肥分布规律的影响。小粒咖啡水光耦合试验(小区试验)设置3个压力水头:低水头(H1.0:1.0 m)、中水头(H1.5:1.5 m)和高水头(H2.0:2.0 m);3个荫蔽栽培水平:无荫蔽栽培(S0:100%自然光照)、轻度荫蔽栽培(S1:65%～75%自然光照)、重度荫蔽栽培(S2:45%～55%自然光照),主要研究了微润灌溉压力水头和荫蔽栽培水平对小粒咖啡生理生态及水光利用的影响。取得了以下重要结论:(1)微润管竖直布设条件下压力水头和土壤容重对微润灌溉湿润体内水分、NO3--N和K+含量均值影响显著。湿润体剖面面积、NO3--N和K+分布面积随着水头的增加而增大,随着土壤容重的增加而减小,其中K+富集于微润管周围。压力水头增加,微润灌湿润体内含水率、NO3--N和K+含量均值与均匀度显著增大;土壤容重增加,湿润体及体内水分和N03--N含量均值显著减小,而K+含量均值略有增大,水肥含量均匀度显著降低。微润灌溉压力水头和荫蔽栽培水平对咖啡根部土壤湿润体内水分含量均值影响显著。与室内试验相比,相同土壤容重条件下小区试验的湿润体分布面积较大,而接近微润管处最大含水率略低。(2)四参数Log-logistic模型均能较好反映室内和小区试验微润管润体内水分、NO3--N和K+含量均值的分布规律。(3)与H1.o相比,增加微润灌压力水头使株高、茎粗、冠幅和叶片数分别增加2.06%～5.02%,5.81%～8.19%,4.31%～21.07%和17.86%～25.00%。与S0相比,S1的株高、茎粗、冠幅和叶片数分别增大20.31%、12.44%、24.45%和52.00%,S2处理则增大7.78%、4.61%、11.88%和32.00%。表明适当增加荫蔽水平,能够促进咖啡各生长指标的提高,而荫蔽栽培水平过大反而抑制株高、茎粗、冠幅和叶片数的增长。(4)与H1.0相比,增加微润灌压力水头使小粒咖啡叶片日均净光合速率(PN)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶片气孔导度(Gs)、光能利用效率和水分利用效率分别增加22.10%～60.75%,28.02%～70.49%、11.58%～53.18%、35.51%～81.65%和26.42%～39.61%,而减少叶片胞间CO2浓度14.16%～31.32%;与S0相比,轻度荫蔽栽培S1和重度荫蔽栽培S2使叶片日均Pn、Tr、Gs分别增加26.10%和12.20%、26.28%和 5.37%、36.97%和 16.42%,胞间 CO2 浓度减少 5.88%和 11.97%;与 S0相比,处理S1叶片日均光能利用效率和水分利用效率分别增加15.02%和15.53%,而S2处理分别减少12.45%和8.15%。通过室内微润灌溉入渗特性试验与小粒咖啡水光耦合试验综合分析,结合小粒咖啡的生长、光合特性等指标,以促进生长和提高水光利用为导向,探明小粒咖啡最佳水光模式为高压力水头轻度荫蔽栽培组合。
[Abstract]:The climate of Yunnan small grain coffee planting area is arid and hot, the intensity of light intensity and other factors seriously restrict the growth and development of small coffee. In addition, the small coffee in the long-term system of cultivation, formed a favorite shade environment. The influence of the pressure water head and the shade cultivation level on the physiological ecology and water use of the small grain coffee were studied under the conditions of the micro water irrigation. The coupling tube pattern of the best pressure water head and the shade cultivation level of the small grain coffee was explored to further enrich the light of the small grain coffee. Effect utilization theory. 3 pressure heads are set up in the experiment of infiltration characteristics of micro water irrigation (indoor test): low water head (H1.: 1 m), middle water head (H1.5:1.5 m) and high water head (H2.0:2.0 m); 3 soil bulk weights: Natural bulk density (D1.0o:1.00 G. Cm-3), moderate bulk density (D1.1s: 1.15 g cm-3) and heavy bulk density. The effect of soil bulk density on the distribution of water and fertilizer in humid body. The light coupling test of small grain coffee (cell test) set 3 pressure heads: low water head (H1.0:1.0 m), middle water head (H1.5:1.5 m) and high water head (H2.0:2.0 m); 3 shade cultivation levels: no shade cultivation (S0:100% natural light), mild shade cultivation (S1:65% to 75% natural light), weight The influence of the pressure water head and the shade cultivation level on the physiological ecology and the water light utilization of small grain coffee were mainly studied in the shade shade cultivation (S2:45% ~ 55% natural illumination). The following important conclusions were obtained: (1) the mean value of NO3--N and K+ content of the pressure water head and the soil bulk density to the moist irrigating body under the vertical setting condition of the micro run tube. The distribution area of NO3--N and K+ increased with the increase of water head and decreased with the increase of soil bulk density, and K+ was enriched around the tube. The pressure water head increased, the moisture content of the body was moist, the mean and uniformity of NO3--N and K+ increased significantly, the soil bulk density increased, humid body and body water were increased. The mean value of the content and N03--N content decreased significantly, while the mean value of K+ was slightly increased and the uniformity of water and fertilizer content decreased significantly. The influence of the pressure water head and the shade cultivation level on the moisture content in the soil wetting body was significant. Compared with the laboratory test, the distribution area of the humid body in the plot experiment under the same soil volume weight condition was more than that of the laboratory test. The maximum water content near the microtube was slightly lower. (2) the four parameter Log-logistic model could better reflect the distribution of moisture in the moist tube and the mean of NO3--N and K+. (3) compared with the H1.o, the increase of the pressure water head made the plant height, the stem diameter, the crown and the number of leaves increased by 2.06% to 5.02%, 5.81% to 8.19%, respectively. 4.31% to 21.07% and 17.86% ~ 25.00%. compared with S0, S1 plant height, stem diameter, crown and leaf number increased 20.31%, 12.44%, 24.45% and 52%, S2 treatment increased 7.78%, 4.61%, 11.88% and 32.00%. to increase the shade level, which could promote the increase of the growth index of coffee, while the shade cultivation level was too large, but inhibited plant height, stem rough, crown. Increase in amplitude and number of leaves. (4) compared with H1.0, the increase of the pressure water head makes the daily net photosynthetic rate (PN), transpiration rate (Tr), leaf stomatal conductance (Gs), light energy use efficiency and water use efficiency increase by 22.10% to 60.75%, 28.02% to 70.49%, 11.58% to 53.18%, 35.51% to 81.65% and 26.42% ~ 39.61%, respectively. The intercellular CO2 concentration was 14.16% to 31.32%. Compared with S0, the light shade cultivation S1 and the severe shade cultivation S2 made the leaves daily Pn, Tr, Gs increased by 26.10% and 12.20%, 26.28% and 5.37%, 36.97% and 16.42%, and the intercellular CO2 concentration decreased 5.88% and 11.97%, compared with S0, the daily average light energy utilization efficiency and the water use efficiency of S1 leaves were increased respectively. Adding 15.02% and 15.53%, and S2 treatment reduced 12.45% and 8.15%. respectively through indoor micro water irrigation infiltration characteristics test and small grain coffee light coupling test, combined with the growth of small grain coffee, photosynthetic characteristics and other indicators to promote growth and improve the use of water light, the best water light model of small grain coffee is light head light. Cultivation combination of degree shade.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S571.2

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