云南丘陵山区深松施肥技术及装备的研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 00:37

本文选题：深松 + 有机肥　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年,农业机械化飞速发展,保护性耕作技术也逐渐被大家所重视,其主要的措施之一就是土壤的深松技术。土壤的深松技术具有加深耕作层、打破坚硬犁底层、改善农作物根部生长环境、提高土壤的透水和透气性、提高农作物产量等作用。有机肥料的配施,不仅可以增加土壤中有机物含量,还可以提供农作物生长过程中所需的营养物质,改善土壤的耕层结构。所以本文主要针对云南地区的地理环境设计了一种深松施肥机具,为验证深松关键部件的深松作业效果和深松施肥机整机的作业性能,进行了田间深松作业试验。本研究包括以下几点:(1)将试验田中的土壤分层测试,测定参数包括:密度、含水率、内摩擦系数、粘聚力、抗剪强度等。(2)对深松铲进行EDEM仿真分析。深松机构为曲面弧形,包含铲尖与铲柄。铲尖基本尺寸为宽度:70mm,长度:293mm,厚度:14mm。铲尖与铲柄的材料均使用65Mn。进行仿真分析可知,深松机构的主要应力点为铲尖的前端,同时土壤颗粒的扰动性很好。(3)螺旋排肥系统的设计与仿真。确定相关结构参数:旋片的厚度是:1.5mm、高度是:180mm、螺距是:165mm,单传排肥量M=0.84kg/转。然后建立三维模型,对排肥系统进行EDEM仿真,结果证明其排肥流畅、无堵塞、架空等情况。(4)整机总体结构的设计。整机的设计校核与计算,应用Solidworks三维软件对关键部件和整机进行建模、装配,并对机具的整体干涉性进行检验。(5)样机制作与田间试验。应用样机进行田间试验,试验表明:深松前后土壤颗粒含水率的均值各自提高了 13.5%、12.4%、12.1%和13%,整体的含水率平均值提高了 12.7%,证明了该样机作业后土壤的蓄水保墒能力很好;土壤颗粒坚实度均值的比较,得到均值各自降低了 77.4%、46.5%、36.7%和27.2%,说明该深松施肥机具样机的深松土壤性能很好;样机的深松深度达标率达到了 96%,深松深度的变异系数已达到3.9%,土壤的膨松度均值是18.21%,土壤的干扰系数是57%。作业后地面平整度为32mm;全部耕层和地表面10cm之内的碎土率均值分别是:77%与85%。以上所有的指标均达到了国家JB/T10295-2014的标准。本文所设计的深松施肥机具,使用后不但可以很大程度上减轻农民的工作强度,还可以增加农民的经济效益,改善土壤沃力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of agricultural mechanization, conservation tillage technology has been gradually attached importance to, one of its main measures is soil deep loosening technology. The deep soil loosening technology has the functions of deepening the tillage layer, breaking the bottom of hard plough, improving the growth environment of crop root, improving the water permeability and permeability of soil, increasing crop yield and so on. The combined application of organic fertilizer can not only increase the content of organic matter in soil, but also provide the nutrients needed in the process of crop growth, and improve the structure of soil plough layer. In order to verify the effect of the key parts of deep loosening and the performance of the whole machine, a deep loosening experiment was carried out in the field. This research includes the following points: 1) the soil in the test field is stratified and tested. The parameters include density, moisture content, internal friction coefficient, cohesion, shear strength and so on. The EDEM simulation analysis of the deep loosening shovel is carried out. The deep loosening mechanism is curved arc, including shovel tip and shovel handle. The basic dimensions of the shovel are: width: 70 mm, length: 293mm, thickness: 14 mm. The materials of shovel tip and shovel handle are 65Mn. The simulation results show that the main stress point of the deep loosening mechanism is the front end of the shovel tip and the design and simulation of the screw fertiliser system with good disturbance of soil particles. The relative structural parameters are determined as follows: the thickness of the rotor is 1: 1.5mm, the height is 1: 180mm, the pitch is 1: 165mm, and the weight of single transfer is M=0.84kg/. Then a three-dimensional model is established and the EDEM simulation of the system is carried out. The results show that the design of the overall structure of the machine is smooth, no clogging and overhead. The design and calculation of the whole machine are checked and calculated. The key components and the whole machine are modeled and assembled by using Solidworks software. The field experiment with the prototype showed that the average water content of soil particles before and after deep loosening increased by 13.5% and 13.13% respectively, and the average water content of the whole soil increased by 12.7%, which proved that the soil moisture storage ability of the prototype was very good after the operation. Compared with the average value of soil particle firmness, the average value was reduced by 77.4% and 27.2%, respectively, indicating that the deep loosening soil performance of the prototype was very good. The coefficient of variation of the depth of deep loosening has reached 3.9, the mean value of soil swelling is 18.21, and the interference coefficient of soil is 570.The rate of reaching the standard of the depth of deep loosening is 96, and the coefficient of variation of the depth of deep loosening has reached 3.9. After operation, the planeness of the ground is 32mm, and the average rate of soil fragmentation within the total tilling layer and surface 10cm is respectively: 77% and 85%. All of the above indicators meet the national JB/T10295-2014 standards. The deep loosening fertilizing machine designed in this paper can not only reduce the working intensity of farmers to a great extent, but also increase the economic benefits of farmers and improve the soil water strength.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S224.2

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