农村秸秆沼气工艺设计与示范

发布时间：2018-05-25 17:44

  本文选题：秸秆 + 沼气工程　； 参考：《南阳师范学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球范围内,能源危机越来越严重,生物质是唯—可再生的碳源,并能转化为固态、液态、气态燃料。生物质能源是最具发展潜力的可再生能源,可以实现碳的零排放。其储量大、分布广,不仅对缓解能源危机具有重要意义,而且对控制温室效应、减少环境污染具有十分重要的作用。我国是农业大国,生物质能源作为我国农村生活用能的重要组成部分,其开发利用对保障国家能源安全和社会主义新农村建设具有重要意义。近年来,我国沼气利用的规模不断扩大,秸秆利用方式由传统的燃烧向集中制气转化。当前我国的农村沼气建设尽管取得了一定成效,但是在技术方面仍然存在一些问题和制约农村沼气发展的因素,主要表现在以下几个方面：沼气池进料难；秸秆池结壳；沼气产气率低。通过对农村秸秆沼气工程的工艺发展和现状了解,设计出符合秸秆物料特性的大型固态厌氧反应器。对发酵工艺进行优化,设计出沼液回流装置防止结壳,太阳能增温装置保证产气。充分掌握秸秆沼气工程及配套设施的建筑、结构、安全等设计基本要求后,对秸秆沼气工程进行推广示范,建成南阳市卧龙区南刘营村集中供气沼气工程并投入使用。本研究设计的秸秆大型集中供气沼气工程工艺如下：收集的玉米小麦秸秆作为发酵原料,并对秸秆进行预处理,将预处理后的秸秆投入发酵池,禽畜粪便经调浆池稀释后注入发酵池,将发酵得到沼气净化后供给用户；沼渣堆积制有机肥；沼液排入贮液池,可作为肥料供给农户。该工艺中自主研制的装置如下：敞开式厌氧反应器,沼液回流装置,太阳能增温装置。对示范工程卧龙区英庄镇南刘营乡沼气工程与卧龙区陆营镇和新野县王庄乡2个粪便沼气工程进行为其1个月的跟踪调查,三个沼气工程的发酵温度均稳定在28.9～34.7℃；池中的总固体含量在4.18～4.69%；pH值稳定在7.0～7.3；池内TN、TP、COD和VFA变化不一。经推广的沼气工程年产气量146000 m3,供给507户使用,可消耗秸秆260 t和粪便污染物1000 t,年收益15万元,产生了巨大的社会、生态、经济效益。
[Abstract]:Globally, the energy crisis is becoming more and more serious. Biomass is a renewable carbon source and can be converted into solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Biomass energy is the most potential renewable energy, which can achieve zero carbon emissions. Because of its large reserves and wide distribution, it not only plays an important role in alleviating the energy crisis, but also in controlling Greenhouse Effect and reducing environmental pollution. China is a large agricultural country, biomass energy is an important part of energy consumption in rural areas, and its development and utilization is of great significance to ensure the national energy security and the construction of a new socialist countryside. In recent years, the scale of biogas utilization in China has been expanding, and the utilization of straw has changed from traditional combustion to centralized gas production. Although some achievements have been made in the construction of rural methane in our country, there are still some technical problems and factors restricting the development of biogas in rural areas, which are mainly shown in the following aspects: difficult to feed biogas digesters, crusts from straw ponds, and some factors that restrict the development of biogas in rural areas. The biogas production rate is low. Based on the understanding of the technology development and current situation of the straw biogas engineering in rural areas, a large solid anaerobic reactor was designed to meet the characteristics of the straw materials. The fermentation process was optimized and biogas liquid reflux device was designed to prevent crusts and solar heating device to ensure gas production. After fully mastering the basic design requirements of straw biogas engineering and supporting facilities such as building, structure, safety and so on, the straw biogas project was popularized and demonstrated, and the centralized biogas supply project in Nanliuying Village, Wulong District, Nanyang City was built and put into use. The main technologies of this study are as follows: the corn and wheat straw was collected as the raw material for fermentation, and the straw was pretreated and put into the fermentation pond. The animal dung was diluted and injected into the fermentation pond, which was purified by biogas and supplied to the users; the biogas was accumulated to make organic fertilizer; and the biogas was discharged into the storage tank, which could be used as fertilizer for the farmers. The equipments are as follows: open anaerobic reactor, biogas liquid reflux device and solar heating device. The biogas engineering of South Liu Ying Township in Yingzhuang Town, Wolong District, and the two faecal biogas projects in Luying Town and Wang Zhuang Township in Wolong District and Wangzhuang Township in Xinye County were followed up for one month. The fermentation temperature of the three biogas projects was stable at 28.9 鈩，

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