玉米耐旱在功能等位变异研究上的发掘与验证

发布时间：2018-05-26 21:21

本文选题：玉米 + 耐旱性　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：干旱等非生物胁迫,是造成世界玉米粮食产量减少的重要原因之一。由于环境条件、土壤保水能力、植物自身的耐旱能力薄弱,不足以维持植物生长发育所需要的水分,从而影响最终产量。近年来国内外学者在玉米耐旱的生理机制、遗传变异和应激反应等方面已经做了较为深入的研究。本文利用课题组所提供的玉米基因组重测序结果与转录组测序结果,对通过文献阅读所搜集的玉米相关耐旱基因SNP位点进行查找,并通过国内常用玉米自交系对其SNP变异位点进行验证,后结合表型数据发掘等位基因耐旱功能变异位点。主要研究结果如下:1.通过对玉米耐旱相关的文献资料的阅读,收集到玉米、水稻、拟南芥、大麦4个不同物种的耐旱相关功能候选基因共99个。其中玉米耐旱相关功能候选基因53个,水稻耐旱相关功能候选基因33个,拟南芥耐旱相关功能候选基因9个,大麦耐旱相关功能候选基因4个。除玉米外其他物种的耐旱相关功能候选基因,通过NCBI查找其相似性与覆盖率大于70%的玉米同源基因,同时收集99个耐旱相关功能候选基因的位置、大小、作用部位、代谢途径等信息。根据所搜集基因的注册信息和物理位置,在基因组重测序结果和转录组测序结果中,查询99个耐旱基因的SNP。结果发现,有19个基因在基因组重测序结果中存在SNP,62个基因在转录组测序结果中存在SNP。2.ZmRAV1基因全长为1787bp,位于第3染色体,共有1个SNP。该基因编码了一个拥有2个不同DNA结合域(AP2和B3)的转录因子,作用于植物的细胞核,且在脱水、高盐、ABA胁迫条件下表现为上调。利用我国常用的214份玉米自交系,对该基因SNP位点进行扩增和测序。将实验所得测序结果与玉米自交系的表型数据整合后进行关联分析,结果表明:有2个性状与耐旱性显著关联(p0.05),这两个显著关联的性状分别为正常灌溉条件下的雌雄开花间隔(ASI)与干旱胁迫条件下的行粒数(KerN)。
[Abstract]:Abiotic stress, such as drought, is one of the important reasons for the decrease of corn grain production in the world. Because of environmental conditions, soil water retention capacity and drought tolerance of plants, it is not enough to maintain the water needed for plant growth and development, thus affecting the final yield. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have done more in-depth research on physiological mechanism, genetic variation and stress response of maize drought tolerance. Based on the results of genome resequencing and transcriptome sequencing provided by our research group, the SNP loci of maize related drought tolerance genes collected through literature reading were searched. The SNP mutation sites of maize inbred lines in China were verified, and the functional variation sites of allele drought tolerance were discovered with phenotypic data. The main results are as follows: 1. Based on the literature of drought tolerance in maize, 99 candidate genes were collected for drought tolerance in maize, rice, Arabidopsis thaliana and barley. Among them, 53 candidate genes for drought tolerance in maize, 33 in rice, 9 in Arabidopsis thaliana and 4 in barley. The candidate genes of drought tolerance related function of other species except maize were found by NCBI, and the homologous genes of maize with coverage of more than 70% were found, and the location, size and action site of 99 candidate genes related to drought tolerance were collected. Metabolic pathways and other information. According to the registered information and physical location of the genes collected, the SNPs of 99 drought-tolerant genes were queried in the results of genome re-sequencing and transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that there were 19 SNPs in genome resequencing and 62 SNPs in transcriptome sequencing. The total length of SNPs was 1787 BP, which was located on chromosome 3, and there was 1 SNPs in total. The gene encodes a transcription factor with two different DNA binding domains AP2 and B3, acting on the nuclei of plants, and it is up-regulated under dehydration and high salt stress. The SNP loci of this gene were amplified and sequenced from 214 maize inbred lines in China. The results of sequencing were combined with phenotypic data of maize inbred lines. The results showed that there were two traits significantly associated with drought tolerance (p0.05). The two traits were the male and female flowering interval (ASI) under normal irrigation and the grain number per row (KerN) under drought stress.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513

【参考文献】