灌区回归水利用量的计算方法和灌溉利用模式研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 06:14

本文选题：回归水利用量 + 水量平衡　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：纵观中国水资源现状,总量大但人均占有量少,水资源循环利用效率较低,面源污染严重,使其已难以满足当代农业用水需求。灌区作为粮食的生产基地,其区域水资源的合理开发与利用显得尤为重要。分析灌区灌溉水资源的供给来源,除了降雨量和灌溉引水量以外,还存在着一部分内部流通水量,通常被定义为回归水。它是指一次灌水后经渗、跑、漏等形式回到渠沟的水量,是存在于灌区内部且能满足灌溉要求的水资源。因此,为探索解决农业用水矛盾的有效途径,本文选择回归水作为研究对象,期望为未来灌区水资源的可持续发展提供有实用意义的建议。回归水的国内外研究现状多集中于建立田间尺度下的回归水计算模型,此类研究试验周期长,研究结果适用范围有限。因此,本文试图从现有的工程条件和试验结果,探讨回归水的利用模式,提出灌区回归水的调配利用方法,提出工程性的改造措施,为今后灌区回归水利用提供具有实际应用价值的建议和方案。本文主要研究结果如下:(1)选择了浙江省内典型的多水源中型灌区---杨溪灌区作为研究代表,分析了杨溪水库内的水利工程情况,依照水源工程分布情况与渠系灌溉面积,对杨溪水库的灌溉系统进行概化,共分为北1-7、南1-2等9个研究区域。(2)利用灌区水量平衡原理,对传统的水量输入输出平衡方程式进行调整,提出了基于蒸发蒸腾量、损失量、灌水量、回归水利用量等参数的新灌区水量平衡方程式,并详细阐述了各个参数的含义与计算方法。(3)分析灌区灌溉系统结构,首先对灌片水源工程分类统计,通过实测法、水库库容曲线法、径流系数法、复蓄系数法、能耗折算法对水库、山塘、泵站的取水量进行计算,不同类型水源工程取水量累加得到灌片的灌溉用水量。其次,利用彭曼公式计算作物需水量,与灌溉水有效利用系数做商推求灌区需水量。利用上述灌溉用水量与灌区需水量之间对灌溉水包含范围的差异探求回归水利用量的计算方法。(4)在大量阅读文献的基础上,从回归水的定义出发,沿着回归水足迹分析了灌区回归水的影响因素,主要包含:引水量、气象因素、灌溉制度、作物种植结构、渠系构造、土壤质地、田块形态等参数。为了对以上的影响因素进行更全面的评价,利用SPSS统计软件对上述影响因素进行回归分析,结果表明灌区作物种植结构(水旱比)、渠系构造(渠系水有效利用系数)对回归水有显著的影响。(5)依据各个影响因素对回归水量的权重大小,提出了杨溪灌区灌溉回归水的灌溉方式和工程系统配置方案,以加强灌区回归水的收集与使用的效果,提高灌区的水资源利用效率。
[Abstract]:According to the present situation of water resources in China, it is difficult to meet the demand of agricultural water because of the large amount of water resources, the low efficiency of water resources recycling and the serious pollution of non-point sources. As the production base of grain, the rational development and utilization of regional water resources is particularly important. In addition to rainfall and irrigation diversion, there is a part of internal circulating water in irrigation area, which is usually defined as return water. It refers to the amount of water returned to the ditch in the form of infiltration, running and leakage after a single irrigation. It is a kind of water resource which exists in the irrigation area and can meet the irrigation requirements. Therefore, in order to explore the effective way to solve the contradiction of agricultural water use, this paper chooses the return water as the research object, hoping to provide practical suggestions for the sustainable development of water resources in irrigation areas in the future. The research status of regression water at home and abroad is mainly focused on the establishment of regression water calculation model on field scale. The experimental period of this kind of research is long and the scope of application of the research results is limited. Therefore, based on the existing engineering conditions and test results, this paper attempts to discuss the utilization mode of regress water, put forward the allocation and utilization method of return water in irrigation area, and put forward the engineering reformation measures. Suggestions and schemes with practical application value are provided for the return water utilization of irrigation districts in the future. The main results of this paper are as follows: (1) the representative of Yangxi Irrigation District, a typical multi-source irrigation district in Zhejiang Province, is selected to analyze the situation of water conservancy project in Yangxi Reservoir, according to the distribution of water source project and irrigation area of canal system. The irrigation system of Yangxi Reservoir is generalized and divided into nine research areas, I. e., North 1-7, South 1-2, etc.) based on the principle of water balance in irrigation area, the traditional water input and output equilibrium equations are adjusted. The water balance equation of the new irrigation area with parameters such as irrigation quantity and water consumption is regressed, and the meaning and calculation method of each parameter are expounded in detail. The structure of irrigation system in irrigation area is analyzed. Firstly, the irrigation water source engineering is classified and statistics, and the method of actual measurement is used to analyze the structure of irrigation system. Reservoir capacity curve method, runoff coefficient method, complex storage coefficient method and energy consumption conversion method are used to calculate the water intake of reservoirs, mountain ponds and pumping stations. Secondly, the crop water demand is calculated by Pengman's formula, and the water demand of irrigation area is calculated by using the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water. Study on the difference between the Irrigation Water consumption and the Irrigation area Water demand; the calculation method of regression water use quantity. (4) based on a large amount of literature, the definition of return water is introduced. The influencing factors of returning water in irrigation area were analyzed according to the regression water footprint, including: water diversion, meteorological factors, irrigation system, crop planting structure, canal system structure, soil texture, field shape, and so on. In order to make a more comprehensive evaluation of the above influencing factors, the regression analysis of the above influencing factors was carried out by using the SPSS statistical software. The results showed that crop planting structure (ratio of flood to drought, structure of canal system (effective utilization coefficient of canal system) had significant influence on regress water. In order to enhance the effect of collecting and using the returning water in Yangxi irrigation area, the irrigation method and the project system configuration are put forward in order to improve the efficiency of water resources utilization in the irrigated area.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S274

【参考文献】