气吸式精播机施肥计量监测系统的设计与试验

发布时间：2018-05-28 23:43

本文选题：施肥监测 + 施肥计量　；参考：《黑龙江八一农垦大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：施肥是农业生产中重要的环节,施肥质量的优劣直接影响粮食产量。农业现代化高速发展的今天,气吸式精播机的运用提高了生产效率,节约成本。气吸式精播机具有播种施肥同步化,高速作业等优点。但施肥过程中,气吸式精播机与其他类型播种机一样施肥过程全封闭,人工观测作业无法保证施肥过程中的施肥作业质量和施肥作业效率。对于施肥量仅靠人工测算,不仅造成肥料浪费,同时带来环境污染问题。因此对气吸式播种机的施肥过程进行电子监测与计量十分有必要。参考查阅了目前国内外对于施肥计量与监测的研究现状,在现有研究技术的基础上,提出了气吸式精播机施肥计量监测系统的设计与试验。研究了影响施肥量的参数因素,对常用的颗粒肥料进行了密度、三维尺寸测定。分析研究了排肥口有效工作长度参数与排肥轴转速对排肥量大小的影响,得出在排肥量的大小上排肥口有效工作长度比排肥轴转速的影响更加显著的结论。开发以嵌入式工控电脑为系统核心处理器,定义上位机系统各模块功能,对上位机软件结构进行设计开发,确定系统软件实现肥量监测、肥管监测报警、肥箱空堵报警、精播机GPS定位等功能。定义了系统的通信协议与通信地址分配,为上位机系统加入抗干扰设计。确定以STCl2C5A60S2单片机做为下位机采集点处理器,完成下位机各数据采集传感器的选型与电路设计,针对肥流监测传感器的选型提出影响肥流监测的因素,提出抗尘处理方法加入到肥流监测传感器的选型与电路设计中。对下位机各数据采集点软件功能与采集节点通信进行设计开发。完成了硬件调试工作,加入了电路系统的抗干扰设计。对施肥计量监测系统进行可靠性与准确性验证试验,通过实验室初期的施肥量标定试验,确定排肥口有效工作长度、机车行进速度、系统排肥量之间的关系,建立了数学模型。完成了系统施肥量田间验证试验,对田间施肥量试验数据与实验室施肥量数据误差进行比对修成,提高系统计量精度。结果表明:该监测系统能够准确的监测排肥管空堵工况状态、肥箱排空工况状态、施肥量实时累计计算。该系统抗尘性能良好、运行稳定,达到了施肥计量监测系统的设计目的。
[Abstract]:Fertilization is an important link in agricultural production, and the quality of fertilization directly affects grain yield. With the rapid development of agricultural modernization, the application of air-suction fine seeder improves production efficiency and saves cost. Air-sucking fine sowing machine has the advantages of synchronous sowing and fertilization, high-speed operation and so on. However, in the process of fertilization, the air suction precision sowing machine and other types of seeding machine are closed in the process of fertilization, and the artificial observation can not guarantee the quality and efficiency of the fertilizing operation in the process of fertilization. The amount of fertilizer is calculated by artificial method, which not only causes waste of fertilizer, but also brings environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and measure the fertilization process of air-sucking seeder. The present situation of fertilization metering and monitoring at home and abroad is consulted. Based on the existing research technology, the design and test of fertilizer metering and monitoring system for air-sucking fine seeding machine are put forward. The parameter factors affecting the amount of fertilizer were studied, and the density and three dimensional size of the commonly used granular fertilizer were measured. The effects of the effective working length parameters of the outlet and the rotation speed of the discharge shaft on the discharge amount are analyzed. It is concluded that the effective working length of the outlet is more significant than the rotational speed of the discharge shaft. Taking embedded industrial control computer as the core processor of the system, defining the functions of each module of the upper computer system, designing and developing the software structure of the upper computer, determining the system software to realize the fertilizer quantity monitoring, the fertilizer tube monitoring and alarming, and the empty blocking warning of the fat box. Precision seeder GPS positioning and other functions. The communication protocol and address assignment of the system are defined, and the anti-interference design is added to the upper computer system. The selection and circuit design of each data acquisition sensor of STCl2C5A60S2 single chip computer are determined, and the factors influencing the monitoring of fertilizer flow are put forward for the selection of the sensor. The dust-resistant treatment method is put forward in the selection and circuit design of the fertilizer flow monitoring sensor. The software function of the data acquisition point of the lower computer and the communication between the data acquisition node and the data acquisition node are designed and developed. The hardware debugging is completed, and the anti-interference design of the circuit system is added. The reliability and accuracy of the fertilizer metering and monitoring system were tested. The relationship among the effective working length of the discharge port, the speed of locomotive travel and the amount of fertilizer discharged by the system was determined by the calibration test of fertilizer quantity in the early stage of the laboratory, and the mathematical model was established. The field verification experiment of system fertilization quantity was completed. The error of field fertilization experiment data was compared with that of laboratory fertilization quantity data to improve the measurement accuracy of the system. The results show that the monitoring system can accurately monitor the empty state of fertilizer pipe, the empty state of fertilizer box, and the calculation of accumulative amount of fertilizer in real time. The system has good dust resistance and stable operation, and achieves the design purpose of fertilizer metering and monitoring system.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江八一农垦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S223.2

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