基于遥感和气象数据的东北三省水稻灌溉水量时空变化研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 08:39

本文选题：MODIS + 水稻　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：粮食安全是国家安全、社会稳定和经济发展的基础,我国作为拥有13.7亿人口的发展中大国,粮食安全问题则摆在更突出、更重要的位置。东北三省是我国的粮食主产区和商品粮基地,粳稻种植面积占全国的46%,产量更达到50%以上,其生产过程也是农业灌溉用水消耗的大户。水资源是“农业生产的命脉”,目前我国农业用水占总用水额的63%左右,但农业用水效率只有50%。在上述背景下,本文利用遥感和气象数据对东北三省水稻的灌溉需水量进行评估,这对确保粮食安全及农业水资源可持续利用具有积极意义。本文首先在东北地区选择了 50个具有代表性的水稻试验田,获取了灌水移栽期内植被指数EVI和水体指数LSWI数据,分析两者关系并构建水稻种植面积识别算法;然后介绍了 MOD16A2全球蒸散发数据并提取了东北三省蒸散发ET的空间分布;再利用降雨数据并根据美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的方法计算有效降雨ER,利用东北三省土壤数据估算田间土壤深层渗漏DP;最后用ET数据逐像元减去ER、DP数据并结合水稻面积掩膜得到水稻净灌溉需水量,考虑渠系输水损失得到总灌溉需水量。本文主要成果和创新点:(1)东北三省水稻种植主要分布在黑龙江省,吉林与辽宁两省相对较少,面积提取的整体误差在5%以内。(2)东北三省蒸散发从空间分布上看,由西至东递增,呈现有规律的环状分布。ET集中在220～450mm间,五年均值为329.23mm。(3)根据美国农业部土壤保持局推荐方法计算有效降雨,有效降雨区间大致在150～800mm间,空间上从东南向西北递减。(4)本文对东北三省土壤数据分类,并结合水稻渗漏量资料以及土壤地质情况,对土壤渗漏量合理赋值:粘土2.30mm/day,壤土2.80mm/day,砂土3.40mm/day。(5)引入灌溉需求指数IDI来反映生育期内水稻对灌溉的依赖程度,东北大部分地区IDI值在0.4以上,表明东北地区对灌溉用水需求较高,东北三省总灌溉需水量均值大约在500～600mm之间。
[Abstract]:Food security is the basis of national security, social stability and economic development. As a developing country with a population of 1.37 billion, China's food security problem is more prominent and more important. The three provinces of Northeast China are the main grain producing areas and commodity grain bases in China. The planting area of japonica rice accounts for 46% of the whole country, and the yield is more than 50%. The production process is also a large household of water consumption for agricultural irrigation. Water resources are the lifeblood of agricultural production. At present, agricultural water use accounts for 63% of the total water consumption in China, but the efficiency of agricultural water use is only 50%. Under the above background, this paper uses remote sensing and meteorological data to evaluate the irrigation water demand of rice in the three provinces of Northeast China, which is of positive significance to ensure the food security and the sustainable utilization of agricultural water resources. In this paper, 50 representative rice experimental fields were selected in Northeast China. The data of vegetation index (EVI) and water index (LSWI) during irrigation and transplanting period were obtained, and the relationship between them was analyzed and the recognition algorithm of rice planting area was constructed. Then the global evapotranspiration data of MOD16A2 are introduced and the spatial distribution of evapotranspiration et in three provinces of Northeast China is extracted. Using rainfall data and according to the method recommended by USDA soil Conservation Bureau to calculate effective rainfall ERS, and using soil data from three provinces of Northeast China to estimate soil leakage DPin depth in the field; finally, subtract ERDP data from et data by pixel and combine them with each other. The net irrigation water requirement of rice was obtained by rice area mask. The total irrigation water requirement was obtained by considering the canal system water transfer loss. The main achievements and innovative points of this paper are as follows: (1) Rice cultivation in the three Northeast provinces is mainly distributed in Heilongjiang Province, while the two provinces of Jilin and Liaoning are relatively small, and the overall error of area extraction is within 5%. (2) the evapotranspiration of the three Northeast provinces increases from west to east in terms of spatial distribution. There was a regular ring distribution. Et concentrated in 220~450mm, with a mean of 329.23 mm. 3) according to the method recommended by USDA soil Conservation Bureau, the effective rainfall was calculated, and the effective rainfall range was approximately between 150~800mm. Spatially decreasing from southeast to northwest.) the soil data of three provinces in Northeast China are classified in this paper, and combined with the data of rice leakage and soil geology, The rational value of soil leakage is: clay 2.30mm / day, loam 2.80mm / dayand sandy soil 3.40mm / day.5) Irrigation demand index (IDI) is introduced to reflect the degree of rice dependence on irrigation during growth period. The IDI value of most parts of Northeast China is more than 0.4, which indicates that the demand for irrigation water in Northeast area is high. The average value of total irrigation water demand in the three provinces of Northeast China is about 500~600mm.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511;S274

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