砜嘧磺隆等6种除草剂防除玉米田杂草的研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 17:29

本文选题：玉米 + 苗后除草剂　；参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在籽粒玉米种植面积锐减的大背景下,科学合理的提升玉米产量和品质已迫在眉睫。杂草作为玉米作物生长过程中最大的危害,已对作物的产量和品质造成一定程度的影响,化学防除作为杂草防除的主要方式,起着极其重要的作用,但随着除草剂使用量的增加,其对作物的负面影响也更严重。本文旨在通过对25%砜嘧磺隆可溶粒剂、75%烟嘧磺隆水分散粒剂、40%硝磺草酮悬浮剂、24%烟嘧·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂、30%硝·烟·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂、52%丁草胺·莠去津·硝磺草酮悬乳剂等6种玉米田常见苗后除草剂对杂草的防效、对作物的安全性以及对作物产量的影响的应用研究,确定除草剂的最佳使用剂量,为实际生产提供理论基础和实践应用指导,保障高效安全地种植玉米作物。试验结果表明,25%砜嘧磺隆可溶粒剂最佳使用剂量为18.75～22.5 ga.i./hm2,药后30d对杂草的株数防效为80.5%～88.5%,对杂草的鲜重防效为81.6～89.1%。75%烟嘧磺隆水分散粒剂最佳使用剂量为50.6～61.9 g a.i./hm2,药后30d对杂草的株数防效为79.9%～89.4%,对杂草的鲜重防效为80.7～89.7%。40%硝磺草酮悬浮剂最佳使用剂量为120～150g a.i./hm2,药后30d对杂草的株数防效为83.4%～89.3%,对杂草的鲜重防效为83.6%～89.5%。24%烟嘧·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂最佳使用剂量为288～360 ga.i./hm2,药后30d对杂草的株数防效为83.6%～90.9%,对杂草的鲜重防效为84.3～91.5%。30%硝·烟·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂最佳使用剂量为720～855g a.i./hm2,药后30d对杂草的株数防效为87.5%～92.9%,对杂草的鲜重防效为88.2～93.4%。52%丁草胺·莠去津·硝磺草酮悬乳剂最佳使用剂量为1053～1170 g a.i./hm2,药后30d对杂草的株数防效为87.0%～93.1%,对杂草的鲜重防效为87.9～92.6%。对试验结果分析可得,所有的试验药剂对作物的安全性以及品质都没有不良影响。但不同的试验药剂对相同杂草的防除效果有差异,在实践中应根据杂草实际发生情况选择合适的除草剂,并施用最佳的剂量,从而实现玉米作物高效安全的种植。
[Abstract]:Under the background of decreasing planting area of grain corn, it is urgent to improve maize yield and quality scientifically and reasonably. As the biggest harm in the growth process of maize crops, weeds have a certain degree of influence on the yield and quality of crops. Chemical control, as the main way to control weeds, plays an extremely important role. However, with the increase of herbicide use, the negative effects on crops are more serious. The aim of this paper is to treat 25% sulfosulfone sulfosulfuron soluble granules with 75% niosulfuron water dispersible granules and 40% niosulfuron oxazone suspensions with 24% niosulfuroxazone dispersable oil suspensions 30% niacin atrazine dispersible oil suspensions and 52% butachlor herbicide. The effect of herbicide on weeds in 6 common seedlings of maize field, such as sulfoxanone suspension emulsion, and so on. In order to provide theoretical basis and practical application guidance for practical production, the optimum dosage of herbicide is determined by studying the effect of crop safety and crop yield, so as to ensure the safe and efficient planting of maize crops. The results showed that the optimum dosage of 25% sulfosulfuron soluble granules was 18.75 ~ 22.5 ga.i.hm2, the control effect on weeds was 80.5 and 88.5 on 30 days after the drug, the control effect on fresh weight of weeds was 81.6% 89. 1. 75% niosulfuron water dispersible granules was 50.6 ~ 61.9 g a.i.hm2, and 30 days after treatment, the optimum dosage was 50.6 ~ 61.9 g a.i.hm2. The control effect of the number of weeds is 79.9%, the control effect of fresh weight on weeds is 80.7% 89.7.40% nitrulfonazone suspension is 120 ~ 150g a.i.hm2.The control effect of the number of weeds is 83.4% ~ 89.3d after 30 days, and the fresh weight control effect of weeds is 83.60.89.5.24% nioethoxazone can disperse oil suspension. The optimum dosage of the agent was 2888360ga.i.hm2.The control effect on weeds was 83.60.The control effect on the fresh weight of weeds was 84.3% atrazine was 91.5%, the best dosage was 720855g a.i.p.hm2.The control effect on weeds was 87.50.92. 9% nitrite and atrazine were used in 30 days after the drug, and the best dosage was 720855g a.i..hm2.The best dosage was 720855g a.i.hm2.The control effect on weeds was 87.5g / hm 2 on 30 days after the treatment, and the control effect on weeds was 91.5.30% nitrite and atrazine. The optimum dosage of the suspension emulsion of buachlor and atrazine was 1053 1170g a.i. / hm2.The control effect on weeds was 87.0% and 87.99.92% respectively, and that of the fresh weight of the weeds was 87.90.92. 6%. The optimum dosage of the suspension emulsion was 1053 ~ 1170g a.i. / hm ~ (2), 87.0% / 93 ~ (-1) and 87.9g / g / g 路hm ~ (2), respectively. According to the analysis of the test results, no adverse effects were found on the safety and quality of crops. However, the effects of different insecticides on the control of the same weeds are different. In practice, the appropriate herbicides should be selected according to the actual occurrence of weeds, and the best dosage should be applied to realize the efficient and safe planting of maize crops.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S451.222

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