N、P、K配比及密度对新品系大果红花BH-1生长及品质的影响

发布时间：2018-05-31 20:14

本文选题：施肥 + 农艺性状　；参考：《河南科技学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我们通过多年的大田试验,选育出适合当地种植生产的药、油、菜以及观赏兼用的高产优质大果红花新品系BH-1,为河南省红花产业化生产提供了良好的品种基础。本论文主要研究了N、NP、NK、NPK、复合肥及空白对照六种不同肥料配比分不同批次双因素随机区组施肥实验对大果红花新品系BH-1的生物学特性、花的产量、花中黄酮和多糖含量、种子产量、种子黄酮和多糖含量的影响及行距为15cm×30cm、15cm×35cm、15cm×40cm、15cm×45cm、15cm×50cm、宽窄行六个不同密度实验对大果红花新品系BH-1的生物学特性、花的产量、花中黄酮和多糖含量、种子产量、种子黄酮和多糖含量的影响。筛选出大果红花新品系BH-1施肥和密度的最优栽培措施,节省资源和劳动力,减少营养随水土流失造成的资源浪费,也避免了过量施肥而造成土壤板结,破坏土壤结构从而影响其它作物生长,改进和完善本地区传统红花栽培模式。本实验得到以下结论:(1)双因素随机区组实验对新品系大果红花BH-1农艺性状的影响:N肥分次施入时氮素吸收利用率高,株高和主径高,三次施N肥二次次施N肥一次施N肥成正比。各处理对分支夹角的影响不大,相互间无显著性差异。三次施复合肥、NPK肥、NP肥、NK肥明显增加有效果球数,且三次施复合肥三次施NPK肥三次施NK肥三次施NP肥。三次施复合肥对总果球数、有效果球数、一级分支、二级分支数影响最大,三次施NPK肥对果球直径和单果籽粒数的影响比较大,三次施NPK肥三次施复合肥三次施NP肥三次施NK肥三次施N肥,除三次施N肥外,各处理间差异不显著。(2)施肥对新品系大果红花BH-1花和种子产量及品质的影响:三次施复合肥对花和种子的产量影响最大,三次施NPK肥对花和种子的产量影响仅次于三次施复合肥,二者没有显著性差异。三次施NPK肥与其它处理间相比有显著性差异(P0.05)。三次施NPK肥对花和种子中黄酮、多糖含量影响最大,三次施复合肥、三次施NP肥、二次施复合肥对花和种子中黄酮、多糖含量有明显促进作用,且三次施NPK肥三次施复合肥三次施NP肥二次施复合肥。三次施复合肥与三次施NPK肥相比无显著性差异,三次施NPK肥与一次施肥、二次施肥、三次施NK肥、三次施NP肥、三次施N肥相比有显著性差异(P0.05)。(3)密度单因素随机区组实验对新品系大果红花BH-1的影响:密度对红花的农艺性状有一定的影响,其中株高和主茎高随着密度的先减小后增大。15cm×35cm株高和主茎高均为最小值,与其它处理间相比无显著差异。15cm×50cm农艺性状单株总果球数、分枝与主茎夹角、一级分枝数、有效果球数、果球直径、单果球籽粒数均为最大值,15cm×45cm、15cm×40cm相比差异不显著。与宽窄行15×20+15×50、15cm×30cm相比有显著差异。15cm×30cm农艺性状单株总果球数、分枝与主茎夹角、一级分枝数、有效果球数、果球直径、单果球籽粒数均为最小值,与其它处理间相比有显著差异。(4)密度单因素随机区组实验对新品系大果红花BH-1经济产量及品质的影响:新品系大果红花BH-1花和种子的产量均为宽窄行15×20+15×5015cm×40cm15cm×35cm15cm×45cm15cm×30cm15cm×40cm。宽窄行15×20+15×50与15cm×40cm大果红花BH-1花和种子的产量没有显著差异,但15cm×40cm与其它处理间有显著差异。15cm×50cm测得花和种子亩产最小,与其它处理间有显著差异。新品系大果红花BH-1花和种子中黄酮、多糖含量15cm×50m宽窄行15×20+15×5015cm×45cm15cm×40cm15cm×35cm15cm×30cm。15cm×50cm与宽窄行15×20+15×50比较无显著差异。T1中新品系大果红花BH-1花和种子中黄酮含量最小,与其它处理相比在5%显著水平有显著差异(p0.05),在1%极显著水平有显著差异(p0.01)。
[Abstract]:Through years of field experiments, we have bred a new high yield and high quality and high quality fruit safflower line BH-1 suitable for local planting and production of medicine, oil, vegetable and ornamental, which provides a good variety basis for the industrial production of red flower in Henan province. This paper mainly studies the difference of the ratio of six different kinds of fertilizer with N, NP, NK, NPK, compound fertilizer and blank control. The biological characteristics, the yield of flower, the content of flavone and polysaccharide in the flower, the seed yield, the content of flavonoids and polysaccharides in the flower, the influence of the content of flavonoids and polysaccharides in the flower, the content of flavonoids and polysaccharides in the flower, and the row spacing of BH-1, 15cm * 35cm, 15cm x 40cm, 15cm * 45cm, 15cm x 50cm, six different density experiments on big fruit safflower. The effects of the biological characteristics of BH-1, the yield of flowers, the content of flavonoids and polysaccharides in the flowers, the yield of seed, the content of flavonoids and polysaccharides in the seed, screening out the best cultivation measures of BH-1 fertilization and density, saving the resources and labor, reducing the waste of the resources made by the soil erosion and avoiding the excessive fertilization. The soil structure could destroy the soil structure and influence the growth of other crops, improve and improve the traditional culture pattern of the red flower in the region. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) the effect of the double factor randomized block experiment on the agronomic characters of the new strain BH-1: high nitrogen absorption and utilization, height and main diameter of N fertilizer, two times N fertilizer application The secondary application of N fertilizer was proportional to the application of N fertilizer once. The effect of each treatment on the angle of the branch was not significant, and there was no significant difference between each other. Three times of fertilizer application in Hefei, NPK fertilizer, NP fertilizer, NK fertilizer obviously increased the number of effective balls, and three fertilizer applied fertilizer three times NPK fertilizer for three times the three application of NP fertilizer. Three times the total fruit ball number, the effect ball number, the first-order branch, two. The number of grade branches had the greatest influence. The effect of three application of NPK fertilizer on the diameter of fruit ball and the number of single fruit grains was larger, three fertilizer application fertilizer three fertilizer application fertilizer three times NP fertilizer three application NK fertilizer three N fertilizer, except three times N fertilizer, there was no significant difference between each treatment. (2) fertilization on the yield and quality of the new strain of safflower BH-1 and seed and quality, three times application The effect of compound fertilizer on the yield of flowers and seeds was the greatest. The effect of three NPK fertilizer on the yield of flowers and seeds was second to three times in Hefei. There was no significant difference between the two and the other treatments. The three application of NPK fertilizer was significantly different from other treatments (P0.05). The three application of NPK fertilizer had the greatest influence on the flavonoid content in the flowers and seeds, and the three time applied to the fertilizer application to three. Three Secondary application of NP fertilizer, two times of fertilizer application in Hefei on the flowers and seeds of flavonoids and polysaccharides significantly promoted the content of polysaccharides, and three application of NPK fertilizer three fertilizer application fertilizer three times NP fertilizer two times to apply to Hefei. Three times the application of Hefei and three times NPK fertilizer no significant difference, three application of NPK fertilizer and fertilizer, three fertilizer, three NK fertilizer, three fertilizer NP, three There were significant differences in N fertilizer (P0.05). (3) the effect of density single factor randomized block experiment on the new strain of safflower BH-1: density has a certain influence on the agronomic characters of safflower, in which the height of the plant and the height of the main stem increase with the increase of the height of.15cm x 35cm and the height of the main stem, and there is no significant difference compared with other treatments. The total fruit ball number of.15cm x 50cm agronomic traits, the angle of branch and main stem, the number of first order branches, the number of effective balls, the diameter of the fruit ball, the number of single fruit balls are the maximum, the difference of 15cm x 45cm and 15cm * 40cm is not significant. The total fruit ball number of the.15cm * 30cm agronomic traits, compared with the wide narrow row 15 * 20+15 x 50,15cm x 30cm, has the branch total fruit ball number, branch The angle of the main stem, the number of primary branches, the number of effective balls, the diameter of the fruit ball, the number of single fruit balls were the minimum, and there were significant differences compared with other treatments. (4) the effect of the experiment on the economic yield and quality of the new strain of safflower BH-1 in the new strain of the new strain: the yield of the BH-1 flowers and the seeds of the new strain of safflower was 15 x 20+1 There was no significant difference between 5 x 5015cm * 40cm15cm * 35cm15cm x 45cm15cm x 30cm15cm x 40cm. broad narrow line 15 x 20+15 x 50 and 15cm * 40cm big fruit safflower BH-1 flower and seed yield, but there was a significant difference between 15cm * 40cm and other treatments. And the flavonoid in the seed, the content of polysaccharide was 15cm x 50m 15 x 20+15 x 5015cm x 5015cm x 35cm15cm x 30cm.15cm x 50cm and the broad narrow row 15 x 20+15 x 50. There was a significant difference in the level (P0.01).
【学位授予单位】：河南科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S567.219

【参考文献】