调亏灌溉对滴灌甜菜生理性能和产量的影响

发布时间：2018-06-01 16:45

本文选题：甜菜 + 调亏灌溉　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为探讨甜菜节水、高产、高效的灌溉生理基础和评价指标,于2015年和2016年采用人工防雨棚和人工灌溉补水控制土壤水分,滴灌条件下,在甜菜需水量最大的两个生育时期-叶丛快速生长期和块根糖分增长期设置了不同灌水下限:即田间持水量的60%～70%、50%～60%、40%～50%。研究亏缺灌溉对甜菜生理特性及产量和水分利用效率的影响,为高产甜菜节水灌溉提供科学依据。取得如下研究结果:1.甜菜叶丛快速生长期进行调亏灌溉,显著降低了甜菜的株高和叶面积指数,中度水分亏缺在复水后叶面积,根部干物质量和根冠比具有补偿效应,重度水分亏缺对甜菜的株高,叶面积指数和干物质量产生抑制作用。块根糖分增长期的调亏灌溉对甜菜的影响小于叶丛快速生长期,中度水分亏缺在复水后根部干物质量有补偿效应,重度亏缺复水后也能恢复生长。2.甜菜叶丛快速生长期轻度和中度水分亏缺后光合速率下降,主要是气孔导度下降所致,在复水后可恢复光合性能,中度亏缺的光合速率提高,具有补偿效应:重度水分亏缺复水后光合速率不能恢复。块根糖分增长期中度水分调亏在复水后光合速率具有补偿效应,重度亏缺复水后也能恢复正常。3.甜菜生育期耗水量随灌水量的增加而增加,叶丛快速生长期和块根糖分增长期耗水量分别为235mm和130mm时,产量和产糖量较高,而且水分利用效率也较高。4.甜菜叶丛快速生长期和块根糖分增长期,中度水分亏缺较充分灌溉节水33.56%和36.82%,产量分别较对照提高7.34%和0.79%,水分利用效率分别提高28.46%和13.45%。滴灌甜菜叶丛快速生长期供水1147m3.hm-2,块根糖分增长期供水635m3.hm-2,产量可达到92000kg.hm-2和86400kg hm-2,水分利用效率分别达到了 150kg.mm-1·hm-2和132kg·mm-1·hm-2。
[Abstract]:In order to study the physiological basis and evaluation index of water-saving, high-yield and high-efficiency irrigation of sugarbeet, artificial rainproof shed and artificial irrigation were used to control soil moisture in 2015 and 2016. Different irrigation lower limits were set in the two growing periods of the highest water demand of sugar beet, that is, the period of rapid growth of foliage and the growth of sugar content in root: that is, the water holding capacity of the field was 60 ~ (70) and 50 ~ (50). The effects of deficit irrigation on physiological characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of sugarbeet were studied in order to provide scientific basis for water-saving irrigation of high-yield sugarbeet. Get the following research result: 1. The plant height and leaf area index of sugarbeet were significantly decreased by regulating deficit irrigation during the rapid growth period of sugarbeet leaves. The moderate water deficit had compensatory effect on leaf area, root dry matter mass and root-shoot ratio after rehydration, and severe water deficit had compensatory effect on plant height of sugarbeet. Leaf area index and dry matter mass were inhibited. The effect of regulated deficit irrigation on sugarbeet was smaller than that in the fast growing period of leaf bush. The effect of moderate water deficit on dry matter quality of root was compensated after rehydration, and the growth of sugarbeet was also recovered after heavy deficit and rehydration. The photosynthetic rate of sugarbeet decreased after light and moderate water deficit in rapid growing period, which was mainly caused by the decrease of stomatal conductance, and the photosynthetic rate could be restored after rehydration, while the photosynthetic rate of moderate deficit was increased. Compensatory effect: the photosynthetic rate could not be recovered after severe water deficit was reclaimed. The moderate water deficit in root sugar growth stage can compensate the photosynthetic rate after rehydration, and return to the normal value of .3after severe deficit rehydration. The water consumption of sugarbeet increased with the increase of irrigation amount. When the water consumption of 235mm and 130mm in the rapid growth period of leaf bush and root sugar increased, the yield and sugar yield were higher, and the water use efficiency was also higher. 4. In the period of rapid growth of sugarbeet leaves and increasing sugar content of root, the moderate water deficit was 33.56% and 36.82%, the yield increased 7.34% and 0.79%, and the water use efficiency was 28.46% and 13.45% higher than that of the control, respectively. The water supply was 1147m3.hm-2 at the rapid growth stage of sugarbeet leaves under drip irrigation, 635m3.hm-2in the sugar-growing period of root, and the yield reached 92000kg.hm-2 and 86400kg hm-2, and the water use efficiency reached 150kg.mm-1 hm-2 and 132kg mm-1 hm-2, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S566.3

【参考文献】