阿克苏地区棉花生产用水效率及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 03:21

本文选题：生产用水 + 随机前沿分析　；参考：《塔里木大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：水是生命之源,生存之本,全球范围内的水资源短缺形势已引起各国政府和人民的高度重视,水是人类赖以生存的一种自然资源,既是社会、经济发展的物质基础,又是自然环境维持正常状态的基本要素。随着农业用水需求不断增长,水资源短缺己经成为了限制我国农业产量提高的重要因素。新疆是农业大省,主要种植棉花、粮食作物及特色林果业,同时,阿克苏地区是新疆产棉大区,生产用水消耗大。本研究首先通过大量阅读中外文献,在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,结合自己的研究方向,提出可行的研究思路。本文先介绍了阿克苏地区的棉花用水情况和棉花生产情况,然后运用随机前沿分析方法,选取每亩地种子投入、机械投入、化学投入、劳动力投入、用水投入五个解释变量,对阿克苏地区的棉花生产用水效率进行测算。计算结果表明,阿克苏地区棉花生产用水效率平均值为0.866,远远高于新疆其他地区棉花生产用水效率值,说明阿克苏地区棉花用水在一定水平下,棉花的产值比较高,但是棉花用水效率仍然可以进一步提高,节省用水成本,从而减少棉花成本,促进棉花增收。接着找出阿克苏地区棉花生产用水效率的影响因素,利用Tobit模型对引入的10个自变量进行显著性检验,并根据显著性检验,判断不同原因对生产用水效率的影响。结果表明,棉花灌溉面积、棉花收入、受教育年限、种植年限、用水紧张5个解释变量对棉花生产用水效率有显著性影响;棉花劳动人数、家庭总收入、种植户年龄、用水成本、是否培训对棉花生产用水效率的影响并不显著,从而提出,棉花生产环节要尽量节约成本,在不变的成本条件下,获得产出最大化。提倡加强田间灌溉时期水管理,提高单位面积用水效率,提高棉花收入、提高整个地区受教育程度、鼓励棉农继续种植并加强种植户之间的经验交流、加强水利建设,从思想、制度、管理方面多管齐下,缓解棉花生产用水紧张等措施提高棉花生产用水效率。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of life, the existence of the existence, the global shortage of water resources has attracted the attention of the governments and people of all countries. Water is a natural resource for human existence. It is the basic element of society, the material base of economic development and the normal condition of the natural environment. With the increasing demand for agricultural water, water resources are growing. The shortage of source has become an important factor restricting the increase of agricultural output in China. Xinjiang is a major agricultural province, mainly planting cotton, grain crops and characteristic forest fruit industry. At the same time, Akesu region is the large area of production of cotton in Xinjiang, and the consumption of production water is great. This paper first introduces the situation of cotton water use and cotton production in Akesu area, and then uses random frontier analysis method to select seed input, mechanical input, chemical input, labor input and water input into five explanatory variables for cotton students in Akesu area. Calculation results show that the average value of water use efficiency of cotton production in Akesu area is 0.866, which is far higher than that of cotton production in other areas in Xinjiang. It shows that cotton water output value is higher in Akesu area, but cotton water efficiency can still be further improved. In order to reduce the cost of cotton and promote the increase of cotton income, the influence factors of the water use efficiency of cotton production in Akesu area were found, the 10 independent variables were tested by the Tobit model, and the effect of different reasons on the water efficiency was judged according to the significance test. The 5 explanatory variables, such as the income of flowers, the years of education, the years of planting and the tension of water use, have a significant effect on the efficiency of cotton production water. The effect of cotton labor, family income, farmers' age, water cost and training on the efficiency of water use in cotton production is not significant. Therefore, it is suggested that the cotton production link should save the cost as far as possible. Under the condition of changing cost, we can maximize the output, promote water management in the field of field irrigation, improve the efficiency of water use per unit area, improve the income of cotton, raise the education level of the whole region, encourage the cotton farmers to continue planting and strengthen the exchange of experience among the farmers, strengthen the construction of water and profit, and relieve the thought, system and management. Cotton production water shortage and other measures to improve the efficiency of water use in cotton production.
【学位授予单位】：塔里木大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S562

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