不同基质和粒径微生物菌肥对苹果生长发育和氮素利用的影响

发布时间：2018-06-06 11:39

本文选题：微生物菌肥 + 生物质炭　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：于2015~2016年,在山东省泰安市山东农业大学园艺试验站,以2年生红富士(M.domestica Borkh.‘Red Fuji’)/平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)为试材,采用15N同位素示踪技术,研究了不同基质和粒径微生物菌肥对苹果生长发育和氮素利用的影响。主要结果如下:1、以两年生盆栽红富士/平邑甜茶为试材,采用15N同位素示踪技术,研究不同生物质炭用量(CK、T1、T2、T3、T4、分别代表0、15 g·kg-1、30 g·kg-1、45g·kg-1、60 g·kg-1)对苹果生长、土壤理化特性和氮素利用的影响。结果表明:添加不同用量生物质炭的所有处理植株株高、茎粗和总干重均显著高于CK;T2、T3和T4处理的根系活力均显著高于T1和CK处理,但三个处理间差异不显著;土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和根际土细菌、放线菌、真菌数量均以T4处理最高,其次是T3处理,两者间差异不显著,但均显著高于其他处理;与CK相比,添加生物质炭处理显著增加了植株对肥料15N的吸收,T4和T3处理植株15N利用率分别为15.18%和15.63%,均显著高于其他处理;土壤15N残留率以T4处理最高,为38.16%,T3次之,T1最低,为30.02%;氮素损失以T1处理最高,为58.54%,T4处理最低,为45.66%,且T4与T3处理间差异不显著。综合考虑植株生长和氮素利用,通过函数计算得出本实验条件下苹果生长发育最适宜的生物质炭施用量为55~64 g·kg-1。2、以两年生盆栽红富士/平邑甜茶为试材,采用15N同位素示踪技术,研究生物质炭与牛粪不同配比(CK、T1、T2、T3、T4、T5分别代表对照、100%牛粪作为基质、75%牛粪+25%生物质炭作为基质、50%牛粪+50%生物质炭作为基质、基75%生物质炭+25%牛粪作为基质、100%生物质炭作为基质)对苹果生长、土壤理化特性和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:在生物质炭与牛粪不同配比的微生物肥不同处理下,土壤养分含量均有效增加,土壤碱解氮、速效养分(P、K)及有机质含量均以T1处理最高,其次是T2,二者均高于其他处理;T5处理改善土壤容重的效果最佳,其次是T4,两者间差异不显著,但均显著高于其他处理;T2处理植株的根长、根尖数、根表面积及根系活力效果显著高于其他处理,T3次之;T2处理细菌数量均显著高于其他处理;T2和T3处理间真菌和放线菌数量差异不显著,但均显著高于其他处理;T2和T3处理植株株高、茎粗与干重显著高于其他处理,T2和T3处理间植株全N量和吸收15N的量差异不显著,但均显著高于其他处理;T2处理15N利用率最大,达到16.94%,T5处理利用率最低,达到12.40%,T2处理土壤残留率最大,为38.05%,T5残留率最低,为30.01%,氮素损失与土壤残留呈相反的变化趋势,T2氮素损失率为45.01%;T5高达57.59%。施用生物质炭和牛粪均可增加有机质,改善土壤结构,降低土壤容重,优化根系生长环境,增加有益微生物数量,提高氮素吸收和利用效率,但生物质炭与牛粪二者联合效果较佳,以75%牛粪+25%生物质炭作为基质的微生物菌肥效果最佳。3、以两年生盆栽红富士/平邑甜茶为试材,采用15N同位素示踪技术,研究不同粒径微生物菌肥(CK、T1、T2、T3分别代表对照、粉末状菌、颗粒状菌肥、50%粉末状菌肥+50%颗粒状菌肥混合)对苹果生长发育和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:施用不同粒径微生物菌肥的不同处理下,土壤养分含量均有效增加,其中T2处理的土壤碱解氮、速效养分(P、K)及有机质含量均显著高于其他处理;不同处理之间土壤容重从高到低依次为CKT1T3T2,T2处理降低土壤容重效果最好;T2处理植株根际土真菌、放线菌数量均显著高于其他处理,T1处理植株根际土细菌显著高于其他处理,不同粒径微生物菌肥在细菌和真菌上差异显著,在放线菌上差异不显著;T2处理植株株高、茎粗与干重均显著高于其他处理;不同处理影响了植株全N量和植株对肥料15N的吸收,对比CK,T2处理15N利用率最大,达到16.97%,T3和T1处理间差异不显著,T3处理达到15.65%,T1处理达到15.42%。施用不同粒径微生物菌肥均可增加有机质,改善土壤结构,降低土壤容重,增加有益微生物数量,提高氮素吸收和利用效率,但综合整体以颗粒状微生物菌肥效果较好。
[Abstract]:In 2015~2016, 2 year old red Fuji (M.domestica Borkh. 'Red Fuji') / Pingyi sweet tea (Malus hupehensis Rehd.) was used as test material at the Shandong Agricultural University gardening experiment station in Tai'an, Shandong province. The effects of microbiological fertilizer on growth and nitrogen utilization of apple were studied by using 15N isotope tracer technique. The results are as follows: 1, the effects of different biomass carbon content (CK, T1, T2, T3, T4, 0,15 g, kg-1,30 g, kg-1,45g kg-1,60) on the growth of apple, soil and chemical properties and nitrogen utilization were studied by 15N isotope tracer technology with two years old potted red Fuji / Pingyi sweet tea. The results showed that the effects of different amounts of biomass on the growth of the soil and the utilization of nitrogen were studied. The plant height of all the treated plants, stem diameter and total dry weight were significantly higher than that of CK. The root activity of T2, T3 and T4 treatment was significantly higher than that of T1 and CK treatment, but there was no significant difference between the three treatments. Soil organic matter, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and rhizosphere soil bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were the highest in T4 treatment, followed by T3 treatment. The difference between the two was poor. It was significantly higher than other treatments. Compared with CK, adding biomass carbon significantly increased the uptake of fertilizer 15N. The 15N utilization rate of T4 and T3 treated plants was 15.18% and 15.63%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The residual rate of 15N in soil was highest, 38.16%, T3, and 30.02%, and T1 was 30.02%; nitrogen loss was T1. The treatment was the highest, 58.54%, T4 treatment was the lowest, 45.66%, and the difference between T4 and T3 treatment was not significant. Considering plant growth and nitrogen use, the optimum amount of biomass carbon for the growth and development of Apple was 55~64 G. Kg-1.2 under the condition of the experiment. Two year old potted red Fuji / Pingyi sweet tea was used as the test material, and 15N was used as the test material. CK, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 respectively represent control, 100% cow dung as matrix, 75% cow dung +25% biomass carbon as matrix, 50% cow dung +50% biomass carbon as matrix, 75% biomass carbon +25% cow dung as base, 100% biomass carbon as matrix, and soil physical and chemical properties The results showed that the soil nutrient content increased effectively, the soil alkaline nitrogen, P, K and organic matter content were the highest in T1 treatment, followed by T2, and the two were all higher than other treatments, and T5 treatment improved the soil bulk density with the best effect, The second was T4, which had no significant difference, but significantly higher than other treatments. The root length, root tip number, root surface area and root activity of T2 treated plants were significantly higher than those of other treatments, T3, and T2 treated bacteria were significantly higher than those of other treatments; the number of fungi and actinomycetes in T2 and T3 treatments was not significant, but both were significantly higher than those of other treatments. T2 and T3 treatment plant height, stem diameter and dry weight significantly higher than other treatments, T2 and T3 treatment plant total N amount and the amount of 15N absorption is not significant, but significantly higher than the other treatments; T2 treatment 15N utilization rate is 16.94%, T5 treatment utilization rate is lowest, 12.40%, T2 treatment soil residual rate is the maximum, 38.05%, T5 residue rate the most Low, 30.01%, nitrogen loss and soil residue in reverse trend, T2 nitrogen loss rate is 45.01%; T5 high 57.59%. application of biomass carbon and cow dung can increase organic matter, improve soil structure, reduce soil bulk density, optimize root growth environment, increase the number of beneficial microorganism, improve nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency, but biomass carbon The combined effect of two people with cow dung was better, the microbial fertilizer with 75% cow dung +25% biomass carbon as the substrate was the best.3, and the two years old potted red Fuji / Pingyi sweet tea was used as the test material and the 15N isotope tracer technique was used to study the microbial fertilizer of different particle sizes (CK, T1, T2, T3 respectively as the control, powdery bacteria, granular bacterial fertilizer and 50% powder bacterial fertilizer. " The effect of +50% granular bacterial fertilizer mixture on growth and nitrogen absorption and utilization of apples showed that the soil nutrient content increased effectively under the different treatments of microbial fertilizer with different particle sizes, and the soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen (P, K) and organic matter content of T2 treated soil were significantly higher than those of other treatments; the soil between different treatments was significantly higher than that of other treatments. The effect of bulk density from high to low was CKT1T3T2, and the effect of T2 treatment on soil bulk density was the best. The number of actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil treated by T2 was significantly higher than that of other treatments. The bacteria in rhizosphere soil of T1 treated plants were significantly higher than other treatments. The difference of microbial fertilizer in different grain sizes was significant in bacteria and true bacteria, and there was no significant difference in actinomycetes; T2 The plant height, stem diameter and dry weight were significantly higher than other treatments; different treatments affected the total N and plant absorption of fertilizer 15N. Compared CK, T2 treatment 15N utilization rate was 16.97%, T3 and T1 treatment was not significant, T3 treatment reached 15.65%, T1 treatment reached 15.42%. with different particle size microbial fertilizer can increase organic matter. Quality, improve soil structure, reduce soil bulk density, increase the number of beneficial microorganisms, improve nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency, but the overall effect of comprehensive microbial microbial fertilizer with granular microorganism is better.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S661.1

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