嫁接苗与自根苗压砂瓜滴灌水肥一体化试验研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 22:33

本文选题：压砂地 + 西瓜　；参考：《宁夏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对宁夏香山地区压砂地重茬种植病虫害严重、水分生产效率较低、产量与品质矛盾的实际问题,以宁夏香山地区尹东村压砂地为试验基地,采用对比和正交试验方法,研究了不同栽培方式、不同灌水定额和施肥量对压砂瓜产量和品质的影响,为压砂瓜节水提质增产增效提供了理论依据。主要研究结果如下:1.采用对比试验方法,设置“嫁接”和“自根”两种栽培方式处理,每种栽培方式处理设置了三种灌水定额水平和三种施肥水平进行试验。结果表明:(1)不同水肥条件对滴灌嫁接苗和自根苗压砂瓜生理性状、产量和品质影响试验研究表明,在施肥量相同时,嫁接苗和自根苗压砂瓜的各项生理指标和产量随着灌水定额的增加而增加。影响压砂瓜品质的可溶性糖和可溶性固形物的含量随着灌水定额的增加而减少,有机酸的含量随着灌水定额的增加而增加。当灌水定额控制在高水18m~3/667m~2,施肥量为高肥23kg/667m~2时,嫁接苗和自根苗压砂瓜产量最高。(2)相同水肥对两种栽培方式压砂瓜生理性状、产量和品质影响试验研究表明,嫁接苗压砂瓜较自根苗压砂瓜成活率提高49.5%,产量提高52.6%。比较影响压砂瓜品质的各项指标发现,自根苗压砂瓜的可溶性糖、可溶性固形物的含量较嫁接苗压砂瓜分别提高9.4%和6.4%。自根苗压砂瓜糖酸比较嫁接苗压砂瓜糖酸比提高了 6.4%,实际口感测试发现两者口感无明显差别,所以选择嫁接苗压砂瓜为香山当地压砂瓜提质增产增效较适宜的栽培方式。2.对压砂地土壤理化性质进行试验研究,发现在淡水和微咸水轮灌条件下,随着灌水定额由6 m~3/667m~2增加到18 m~3/667m~2,压砂地土壤的全盐量降低了 10.2%;pH值降低了 1.2%。3.通过基于正交试验的滴灌压砂瓜栽培方式和水肥最优组合试验的极差分析和方差分析表明:因素对产量影响的主次顺序为栽培方式A(主)灌水定额B施肥量C(次)。栽培方式A对产量的影响显著,灌水定额B和施肥量C对产量有一定影响但不显著。栽培方式中嫁接苗西瓜产量最高,较自根苗西瓜和直播西瓜产量分别增产62.0%和256.0%;灌水定额为18 m~3/667 m~2时,压砂瓜产量较灌水定额为12 m~3/667 m~2和6 m~3/667 m~2时压砂瓜产量分别增产8.6%和26.8%;施肥量为23 kg/667 m~2时,压砂瓜产量较20 kg/667 m~2和17 kg/667 m~2时压砂瓜产量增产1.6%和6.8%。因素最优水平组合A2B2C3,即栽培方式为嫁接、灌水定额为12 m~3/667 m~2、施肥量为23 kg/667 m~2时产量最高。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the practical problems of serious diseases and insect pests in sand compaction field, low efficiency of water production and contradiction between yield and quality, the sand compaction field of Yindong village in Xiangshan area of Ningxia was used as the experimental base, and the methods of contrast and orthogonal test were adopted. The effects of different cultivation methods, different irrigation quota and fertilizer amount on the yield and quality of barbed sand melon were studied, which provided the theoretical basis for increasing yield and increasing yield with water saving and increasing quality. The main results are as follows: 1. Two cultivation methods, "grafting" and "self-root", were adopted in this paper. Three irrigation quota levels and three fertilization levels were set for each treatment. The results showed that the effects of different water and fertilizer conditions on the physiological characteristics, yield and quality of grafted seedlings and self-rooted seedlings in drip irrigation were studied. The physiological indexes and yield of grafted seedlings and self-rooted seedlings increased with the increase of irrigation quota. The content of soluble sugar and soluble solids, which affect the quality of melon, decreased with the increase of irrigation quota, and the content of organic acid increased with the increase of irrigation quota. When the irrigation quota was controlled at 18mg / 667mm2 and the fertilization rate was 23kg / 667m-2, the yield of grafted seedlings and self-rooted seedlings was the highest. The experimental study on the effects of the same water and fertilizer on the physiological characters, yield and quality of the two cultivation methods showed that: 1. The survival rate of grafted seedling was increased by 49.5%, and the yield was increased by 52.6%. The contents of soluble sugar and soluble solids were increased by 9.4% and 6.4% respectively. Compared with grafted seedlings, the ratio of sucrose to acid increased by 6.4%, and the actual taste test showed that there was no obvious difference between them. The physical and chemical properties of sandy soil were studied. It was found that under the condition of fresh water and brackish water wheel irrigation, with the increase of irrigation quota from 6 m~3/667m~2 to 18 mg / 3 / 667mm2, the total salt content of the soil decreased by 10.2g / h and the pH value decreased by 1.2and 1.3. Based on orthogonal experiment, the range analysis and variance analysis of drip irrigation and water and fertilizer optimal combination experiment showed that the primary and secondary order of the effect of factors on yield was cultivation mode A (main) irrigation quota B fertilization amount C (secondary). Cultivation mode A had a significant effect on yield, while irrigation quota B and fertilization amount C had some effects on yield, but not significantly. The yield of grafted watermelon was the highest, which was 62.0% and 256.0% higher than that of self-rooted watermelon and direct seeding watermelon, respectively, and the irrigation quota was 18mg / 3 / 667m-2, respectively. The yield of barbed sand melon increased by 8. 6% and 26. 8% respectively compared with the irrigation quota of 12 kg/667 / 667 mm2 and 6 mg / 3 / 667 m-2, and the yield of barbed sand melon increased by 1.6% and 6. 8% compared with that of 20 kg/667 m-2 and 17 kg/667 m2, respectively. The optimum level combination A _ 2B _ 2C _ 3 was grafted, the irrigation quota was 12m ~ 3 / 667m ~ 2, and the yield of fertilizer was 23 kg/667 m ~ 2.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S651

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