雅鲁藏布江三种高原鳅消化道形态组织结构的比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 14:15

本文选题：东方高原鳅 + 细尾高原鳅　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：青藏高原地理环境特殊,气候条件恶劣,高原鳅作为青藏高原鱼类优势类群之一,相关研究并不多见,有关其消化系统方面研究更少。而消化系统是鱼类对食物消化吸收的重要场所,也是生存和生长的基础。本文运用常规解剖、光镜、电镜等技术对东方高原鳅(Triplophysa orientalis)、细尾高原鳅(T.stenura)和异尾高原鳅(T.stewarti)的消化道形态与组织结构进行比较研究,分析鱼类消化系统结构差异性与食物组成的一致性,旨在为高原鳅属鱼类增养殖及种质资源保护积累基础生物学资料。实验结果如下:1.消化道形态学结构三种高原鳅的消化道均由口咽腔、食道、胃、肠组成。口下位,胃为“U”型,无幽门盲囊,肠道较短,可分为前、中、后三个部分。东方高原鳅口裂较小,口咽腔较长;肠道较短,盘曲2次,比肠长为0.64±0.08。细尾高原鳅肠盘旋4次,比肠长数值最大,为0.70±0.06,与异尾高原鳅有显著差异。异尾高原鳅胃长与消化道长比值最大,肠盘旋2次,比肠长最短,为0.51±0.07。2.消化道组织学结构消化道基本组织学结构一致,由内向外分为4层:粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层、浆膜。东方高原鳅、细尾高原鳅和异尾高原鳅食道内表面分布有许多宽大的粘膜褶,粘膜上皮为多层扁平上皮,排列不规则。三种鱼固有膜与粘膜下层之间分界均不明显。实验观察,东方高原鳅食道的粘膜下层有许多纵行的平滑肌纤维束。肌层仅一层环肌,为横纹肌。浆膜层均较薄,由间皮细胞和结缔组织构成,易脱落。胃上皮为典型的单层柱状上皮,且粘膜层无杯状细胞。仅贲门和胃体部有发达的单管状腺体,胃腺细胞内含有大量的酶原颗粒,幽门部无任何腺体。异尾高原鳅胃粘膜层相对高度大于东方高原鳅和细尾高原鳅,肌肉层相对厚度也比其他2种鱼厚。前肠均分布有许多长条形粘膜褶,杯状细胞丰富,粘膜下层为疏松结缔组织,可见乳糜管,毛细血管等。肌层内环外纵,浆膜层薄。前肠粘膜层为异尾高原鳅相对高度最大,肌肉层为东方高原鳅相对最厚。中肠基本组织结构同前肠,纹状缘变薄。中肠与后肠粘膜层相对厚度由大到小为异尾高原鳅细尾高原鳅东方高原鳅。肛门粘膜层为复层扁平上皮,肌层由一层厚厚的环肌支持。
[Abstract]:The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau has a special geographical environment and a bad climate. As one of the dominant fish groups in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, there are few related studies on the digestive system of Loach in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The digestive system is an important place for fish to digest and absorb food, and also the basis for survival and growth. In this paper, the morphology and structure of digestive tract of Triplophysa orientalis, T. stenura and T. stewartii were studied by routine anatomy, light microscope and electron microscope. The purpose of this study was to accumulate the basic biological data for the breeding and protection of the species of the genus Loach by analyzing the consistency between the structure of digestive system and the composition of food. The results of the experiment are as follows: 1. The digestive tract of three species of Loach consists of oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus, stomach and intestine. Lower mouth, stomach is U type, no pyloric blind sac, intestinal tract is short, can be divided into anterior, middle, the latter three parts. The oriental plateau Loach has smaller oral fissure and longer oropharynx cavity, and the intestinal tract is shorter, the disk curvature is 2 times, the specific intestinal length is 0.64 卤0.08. The specific intestinal length was the largest (0.70 卤0.06), which was significantly different from that of the heterotopic plateau Loach. The ratio of stomach length to digestive tract length of Loach was the largest, the intestinal rotation was twice, and the specific intestinal length was the shortest (0.51 卤0.07.2). The basic histological structure of digestive tract is the same, which is divided into four layers from inside to out: mucosal layer, submucosal layer, muscular layer and serous membrane. There are many large mucosal folds in the esophagus of the Orient Plateau Loach, the Fine-tailed Plateau Loach and the Hetertail Plateau Loach. The mucosal epithelium is multilayer flat epithelium with irregular arrangement. The boundary between the lamina propria and the submucous membrane of the three species was not obvious. There are many longitudinal smooth muscle fiber bundles in the submucosa of Orient Plateau Loach. There is only one circular muscle in the muscular layer, which is the striated muscle. The serous layer is thin and consists of mesothelial cells and connective tissue. Gastric epithelium is a typical monolayer columnar epithelium with no goblet cells in the mucosal layer. There were developed single tubular glands in the cardia and gastric body. There were a large number of proenzyme granules in the gastric gland cells and no glands in the pyloric region. The relative height of gastric mucosal layer of Loach was higher than that of Orient Plateau Loach and Fine-tailed Plateau Loach, and the relative thickness of muscle layer was thicker than that of the other two species of fish. There were many long mucosal folds in the foregut, rich goblet cells, loose connective tissue in the submucosa, chylotubules, capillaries and so on. The inner ring of the muscular layer is longitudinal and the serous layer is thin. The antecedent mucosal layer was the largest relative height of the heterotopic plateau Loach, and the muscle layer was the thickest in the eastern plateau Loach. The basic tissue structure of the midgut is the same as that of the foregut, and the striate margin is thinned. The relative thickness of the mucosal layer between the midgut and the hindgut was from large to small to the eastern plateau Loach. The anal mucosal layer is a lamellar flat epithelium, and the muscular layer is supported by a thick loop muscle.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S917.4

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