水氮耦合对花生养分吸收及生长发育的影响

发布时间：2018-06-12 05:39

本文选题：花生 + 水氮耦合　；参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在花生优质高产栽培管理中,水分和氮肥对花生生产起决定性因素,目前在我国花生产区存在着水肥利用率低,资源配置不合理利用等问题。为此,开展花生水氮耦合效应的研究,对提高花生水氮利用率、实现花生高产增效具有重要的实践意义。本试验以花生"花育25"和"小白沙"为试验材料,采用二因素随机区组设计,通过遮雨棚内田间试验以及室内分析化验探究水氮耦合效应对花生生长发育、生理特性,养分吸收和供给的影响,寻求花生高产高效的水氮耦合模式,以期为我国干旱半干旱区花生高产优质的水肥管理技术提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:(1)与2013年试验地土壤初始养分相比,土壤全氮及土壤碱解氮含量有所提升,随施氮增加土壤碱解氮含量显著增加,土壤有效磷含量均呈下降趋势,而土壤速效钾含量则有升有降。花生植株全氮含量仅受氮肥用量影响,增加氮肥用量增加花生植株含氮量。水氮耦合显著影响花生植株全磷和全钾含量。N1W2处理可以有效提高花生氮素利用效率。(2)灌溉对花生生长发育起决定性因素,对根系各项指标、根系活力和各生物量的影响达到显著或极显著。水氮耦合效应对花生根系生长发育有极显著影响,在氮素N1(15kg N hm-2)或灌溉量W2(2810 m3hm-2)条件下,有利于花生根长,根直径以及根体积均达到最大值。处理W2N1水平下可以促进花生根系下扎,有利于根系生物量的增加。在花生结荚期增施氮肥能够提高根系活力,为花生高产提供基础保障。除饱果期,提高氮素有利于促进根系活力。增施氮肥对花生地上部生长有抑制作用,花生主茎高以及主茎直径在同一氮素水平下随灌溉量增加而增加。两季花生最大产量均为N1W2处理,较其他处理增幅分别达2.1%-19.0%、3.4%-17.4%。(3)本试验花期持续约45天左右,水氮耦合效应对花生开花数及下针数的影响达显著水平(p0.05),N2W1处理能够提高花生开花数,最大增幅达21.6%,且在中等灌溉W2水平下,对花生荚果数与籽仁重有显著促进作用。由花生产量与植株、根系形态的相关及灰色关联度分析表明,对产量相关性和敏感度最高的指标依次为根系平均直径、根系总体积、侧枝长和主茎高,充足的水分和养分能促进花生地下和地上旺盛生长,进而提高荚果产量。(4)水氮耦合效应对各时期花生叶片叶绿素含量的影响呈显著或极显著水平。水氮调控对过氧化物酶(POD)与过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均存在极显著影响(p0.01),且水分单一效应对CAT影响达显著水平,表明提高灌溉量会显著促进CAT活性,两者共同作用可以延缓花生衰老,促进荚果产量增加。综上所述,本试验筛选N1W2作为最佳水氮调控处理,即土壤灌溉量为2810 m3 hm-2(W2),氮肥用量为15 kg N hm-2(N1)时,有利于促进花生生长,保证花生优质高产。
[Abstract]:Water and nitrogen fertilizer play a decisive role in peanut production in high yield and good quality cultivation. At present, there are some problems such as low utilization ratio of water and fertilizer and unreasonable utilization of resources in flower production areas of China. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the coupling effect of water and nitrogen in peanut to improve the utilization ratio of water and nitrogen in peanut and to realize the high yield and efficiency of peanut. In this experiment, peanut "Huayu25" and "Xiaobaisha" were used as experimental materials. Two factor random block design was used to investigate the effects of water and nitrogen coupling effect on the growth and development and physiological characteristics of peanut by field experiments in rain shelter and laboratory analysis. In order to provide theoretical basis for water and fertilizer management technology of high yield and good quality of peanut in arid and semi-arid region of China, the coupling model of water and nitrogen was sought for high yield and high efficiency of peanut in order to provide theoretical basis for the effect of nutrient absorption and supply. The main results were as follows: (1) compared with the initial soil nutrients in 2013, soil total nitrogen and soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content increased, with the increase of nitrogen application, the soil available phosphorus content increased significantly, and the soil available phosphorus content decreased. The content of available potassium in soil increased and decreased. The total nitrogen content of peanut plant was affected only by nitrogen fertilizer, and the nitrogen content of peanut plant was increased by increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Water and nitrogen coupling significantly affected the total phosphorus and total potassium content of peanut plants. N1W2 treatment could effectively improve the nitrogen use efficiency of peanut. The irrigation played a decisive role in peanut growth and development, and the root system indexes. The effects of root activity and biomass were significant or extremely significant. The coupling effect of water and nitrogen had a significant effect on the root growth and development of peanut. Under the condition of N _ 1N _ (15 kg N 路h ~ (-2) or irrigation amount (W _ 2N _ (2) 2810 m ~ (-3) h ~ (-2), the root length, root diameter and root volume reached the maximum value. Treatment with W2N1 could promote root system growth and increase root biomass in peanut. Application of nitrogen fertilizer in peanut pod stage can improve root activity and provide basic guarantee for peanut yield. Except for full fruit stage, increasing nitrogen was beneficial to promote root activity. The growth of peanut shoot was inhibited by increasing nitrogen fertilizer. The height and diameter of main stem of peanut increased with the increase of irrigation amount at the same nitrogen level. The maximum yield of peanut in both seasons was N1W2 treatment, which increased by 2.1-19.0than other treatments respectively. The flowering period of the experiment lasted about 45 days. The effect of water and nitrogen coupling effect on the number of flowers and the number of needles in peanut was significant. The effect of water and nitrogen coupling on the number of flowers and the number of needles under the treatment could increase the number of peanut blossoms. The maximum increase was 21.6%, and the number of pods and kernel weight of peanut were significantly promoted under moderate irrigation W2 level. The correlation between yield and plant, root morphology and grey correlation degree analysis showed that the highest correlation and sensitivity to yield were root mean diameter, total root volume, lateral branch length and main stem height. Sufficient water and nutrient could promote the growth of peanut underground and aboveground, and then increase pod yield. 4) the effect of water and nitrogen coupling effect on chlorophyll content of peanut leaves was significant or extremely significant. The effects of water and nitrogen on the activities of peroxidase POD and catalase (CAT) were extremely significant, and the single effect of water had a significant effect on cat, which indicated that the increase of irrigation amount could significantly promote the activity of cat, and both of them could delay the senescence of peanut. Promote the increase of pod yield. To sum up, N _ 1W _ 2 was selected as the best water and nitrogen regulation treatment, that is, when the soil irrigation amount was 2810 m3 路h ~ (-2) N ~ (-2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (-1), it was beneficial to promote peanut growth and ensure high quality and high yield of peanut.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S565.2

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