造纸废水对湿地芦苇生长及纤维的影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 15:19

本文选题：芦苇 + 造纸废水　；参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前造纸行业发展迅速,排放的废水里面的污染物量大、浓度高、成分复杂,对周边的环境有较大的污染。辽河口的湿地位于辽河入海口的末端,流经湿地的河流沿途有较多的大规模的造纸厂,造纸废水常年流入湿地,对湿地芦苇生长的好坏造成了直接的不可避免的影响。然而芦苇是较好的造纸材料,有较高的经济价值,芦苇茎秆含有大量的纤维,其纤维的含量及纤维的形态则直接影响到纸质的紧度、透明度、结构等,最后影响到造纸的价值。同时芦苇也是湿地植物,有着良好的水质净化的功能。所以本研究通过构建小试装置来模拟辽河口湿地,以辽河口湿地内造纸厂排出的造纸废水进行灌溉,研究造纸废水灌溉对芦苇生长及纤维的影响,采用主成分分析及逐步回归分析方法,综合评价造纸废水的灌溉方式,筛选出最佳灌溉化学需氧量浓度、灌溉时期及寻找到影响芦苇纤维的主要自身因素,初步探讨了造纸废水对芦苇纤维的作用效果,为完善芦苇纤维理论及提高芦苇的产业方面提供科学依据。主要的研究结果如下:(1)造纸废水灌溉后总体上使芦苇株高、茎粗、节间长度及节间数增加,同一灌溉时期芦苇株高、茎粗、节间长度及节间数均随着废水浓度的增加而增加,在300mg/L废水灌溉下达到最大值,清水对照组最小,且清水对照组的均显著小于废水灌溉组(P0.05);芦苇株高、茎粗、节间长度及节间数均在快速生长期灌溉300mg/L的造纸废水最佳,株高最大值可达240.24cm,茎粗最大值达0.485cm,节间长度最大值达24.1cm,节间数最大值达16节。造纸废水中化学需氧量浓度与芦苇株高、茎粗、节间长度、节间数间均存在显著或极显著正相关关系,相关系数均在0.80以上,废水浓度与芦苇株高、茎粗呈现二项式关系,与节间长度、节间数呈现对数关系。(2)造纸废水灌溉后总体上使芦苇过氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性及可溶性糖含量变大,同一灌溉时期芦苇过氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性及可溶性糖含量均随着废水浓度的增加而增加,在300mg/L废水灌溉下芦苇过氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性、可溶性糖含量达到最大值,清水对照组最小,且清水对照组的均显著小于废水灌溉组(P0.05);芦苇过氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性及可溶性糖含量在快速生长期灌溉300mg/L的造纸废水时最佳,过氧化物酶活性达到最大值155.2 U/(g FW·min),苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性达到最大值0.566,可溶性糖含量达到最大值是0.326。废水浓度对芦苇过氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性、可溶性糖含量影响的方差结果P值均小于0.05,说明灌溉不同浓度的废水后,芦苇过氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性及可溶性糖含量差异显著,废水灌溉会使芦苇过氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性及可溶性糖含量发生显著变化,快速生长期灌溉废水有助于提高芦苇过氧化物酶活性和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性,增加可溶性糖含量。造纸废水中化学需氧量浓度与芦苇过氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性、可溶性糖含量间均存在显著或极显著正相关关系,相关系数均在0.90以上,废水浓度与芦苇可溶性糖含量呈现对数关系,与过氧化物酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性呈现一元线性相关关系。(3)造纸废水灌溉后总体上使芦苇植株内纤维素、木质素及灰分含量增加,同一灌溉时期芦苇纤维素、木质素及灰分含量随着废水浓度的增加而增加,在300mg/L废水灌溉下达到最大值,清水对照组最小,且清水对照组的均显著小于废水灌溉组(P0.05);芦苇纤维素及木质素在快速生长期灌溉300mg/L的造纸废水含量最佳,纤维素含量达到最大值为45.41%,木质素最大值为25.54%,灰分在成熟期灌溉300mg/L的造纸废水含量最佳,灰分含量达到最大值为3.55%。造纸废水中化学需氧量浓度与芦苇纤维素、木质素、灰分等纤维特征指标间均存在显著或极显著正相关关系,且相关系数均在0.85以上。废水中的化学需氧量与芦苇纤维素、木质素浓度呈现二项式关系,与灰分、纤维长度、纤维长宽比呈现对数关系,与纤维宽度呈现一元线性相关关系。说明灌溉造纸废水后,增加了芦苇纤维中各成分的含量。(4)造纸废水灌溉后总体上使芦苇纤维长度、纤维宽度及纤维长宽比变大,同一灌溉时期芦苇纤维长度、纤维宽度及纤维长宽比均随着废水浓度的增加而增加,在300mg/L废水灌溉下纤维长度、宽度、长宽比达到最大值,清水对照组最小,且清水对照组的均显著小于废水灌溉组(P0.05);芦苇纤维长度、纤维宽度及纤维长宽比均在快速生长期灌溉300mg/L的造纸废水最佳,纤维长度达到最大值为1.49mm,纤维宽度为10.35um,纤维长宽比为143.96。废水浓度对芦苇纤维长度、宽度、长宽比影响的方差结果P值均小于0.05,说明灌溉不同浓度的废水后,芦苇纤维的长度、宽度及长宽比差异显著,废水灌溉会引起芦苇纤维长度、宽度及纤维长宽比发生显著变化,快速生长期灌溉废水有助于芦苇纤维伸长与扩宽。造纸废水中化学需氧量浓度与芦苇纤维长、宽、长宽比间均存在显著或极显著正相关关系,且相关系数均在0.90以上,废水浓度与纤维长度、纤维长宽比呈现对数关系,与纤维宽度呈现一元线性相关关系。(5)芦苇纤维特性指标,如芦苇纤维素、木质素、灰分、纤维长度、纤维宽度、纤维长宽比,与芦苇生长生理指标中的株高呈显著或极显著正相关,而木质素、灰分、纤维长度、纤维宽度与芦苇茎粗、节间长度、节间数、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性及可溶性糖含量间的相关性不显著,同时芦苇木质素、纤维宽度与芦苇过氧化物酶活性的相关性不显著。芦苇纤维特性指标纤维素、纤维长宽比与芦苇生长生理指标茎粗、节间长度、节间数、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、可溶性糖含量呈显著或极显著的正相关。芦苇纤维特性指标灰分、纤维长度与芦苇生长生理指标中的过氧化物酶活性间呈显著的正相关关系。为了进一步明确影响芦苇纤维素、木质素、灰分、纤维长度、纤维宽度的自身影响因素,对其分别与各因素之间进行逐步回归分析,发现株高、过氧化物酶活性是影响芦苇纤维素、木质素、灰分等的主要因素(P0.05)。(6)经主成分分析后,明确了芦苇纤维特征及芦苇生长生理的最佳灌溉时期与灌溉废水浓度是在快速生长期灌溉化学需氧量为300mg/L的造纸废水(C1C),对照组是16种灌溉方式下得分最低的,说明没有经过造纸废水灌溉的芦苇纤维的成分、形态、自身的影响因素均未达到理想的效果。
[Abstract]:At present, the papermaking industry is developing rapidly. The pollutants in the effluent are large, high in concentration, complex in composition, and have great pollution to the surrounding environment. The wetland in the Liaohe River estuary is located at the end of the Liaohe River entrance, and there are many large scale paper mills along the river along the river, and the papermaking wastewater flows into the wetland in a year and the growth of the wetland reeds is good. The reed is a good papermaking material. However, the reed is a good papermaking material with high economic value. The reed stem contains a large amount of fiber. The fiber content and fiber form directly affect the paper tightness, transparency, structure and so on. Finally, it affects the value of paper making. At the same time, reed is also a wetland plant. This study simulates the Liaohe estuary wetland by constructing a small test device, and irrigates the papermaking wastewater discharged from the paper mill in the liaohekou wetland, and studies the effect of paper mill wastewater irrigation on the growth of reed and the fiber, and uses the principal component analysis and stepwise regression analysis to evaluate the irrigation wastewater irrigation. Methods, the optimum irrigation chemical oxygen demand concentration, the irrigation period and the main factors affecting the reed fiber were selected. The effect of papermaking wastewater on reed fiber was preliminarily discussed, and the scientific basis for improving the theory of reed fiber and the improvement of reed industry were provided. The main results are as follows: (1) irrigation and paper wastewater irrigation Reed plant height, stem diameter, internode length and internode number increased in general. The height of reed plant, stem diameter, internode length and number of internodes increased with the increase of wastewater concentration in the same irrigation period, and reached the maximum value under 300mg/L wastewater irrigation, and the control group of clear water was significantly smaller than that of wastewater irrigation group (P0.05); reed plant was significantly less than that of reed control group. High, stem diameter, internode length and internode number were the best for the paper making wastewater of 300mg/L irrigation in rapid growth period. The maximum value of plant height could reach 240.24cm, the maximum value of stem diameter reached 0.485cm, the maximum value of internode length reached 24.1cm, the maximum value of internode number reached 16. The concentration of chemical oxygen demand in paper making wastewater was high with reed plant, stem diameter, internode length and internode number. Significant or very significant positive correlation, the correlation coefficient was above 0.80, the concentration of wastewater and reed plant were high, the stem coarse showed a binomial relation, and the length of internode was logarithmic relationship with the internode length. (2) after irrigation, the activity of reed peroxidase, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and the soluble sugar content were greatly increased, and the same irrigation was used in the same irrigation. The activity of peroxidase, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and the content of soluble sugar increased with the increase of the concentration of wastewater. The activity of reed peroxidase, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, the soluble sugar content reached the maximum value under the irrigation of 300mg/L wastewater, and the water treatment group was the least, and the water control group was significantly smaller than the wastewater. Irrigated group (P0.05), reed peroxidase activity, phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and soluble sugar content were the best when the paper wastewater was irrigated by 300mg/L at the rapid growth period. The maximum peroxidase activity reached 155.2 U/ (g FW. Min), the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase reached the maximum value and the soluble sugar content reached the maximum value of 0.326. waste. The P values of water concentration on reed peroxidase activity, phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and soluble sugar content were less than 0.05, indicating that reed peroxidase activity, phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and soluble sugar content of reed were significantly different after irrigation with different concentrations. Wastewater irrigation would make reed peroxidase activity, The activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and the content of soluble sugar changed significantly. The rapid growth period irrigation wastewater could improve the activity of reed peroxidase and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and increase the soluble sugar content. The activity of chemical oxygen demand in papermaking wastewater, the activity of reed peroxidase, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and soluble sugar There was a significant or very significant positive correlation between the content and the correlation coefficient, and the correlation coefficient was above 0.90. The concentration of wastewater and the soluble sugar content of reed showed a logarithmic relationship, and the activity of peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase showed a linear correlation. (3) the cellulose, lignin and ash in the reed plants were generally made after the paper wastewater irrigation. In the same irrigation period, the content of cellulose, lignin and ash in the same irrigation period increased with the increase of wastewater concentration, reached the maximum value under the irrigation of 300mg/L wastewater, and the water control group was the least, and the water control group was significantly smaller than the wastewater irrigation group (P0.05); the reed cellulose and lignin were made in the rapid growth period of irrigation 300mg/L. The content of paper wastewater is the best, the maximum value of cellulose content is 45.41%, the maximum value of lignin is 25.54%. The content of paper mill wastewater with 300mg/L in the mature period is the best. The ash content reaches the maximum value of the 3.55%. paper waste water, which is significant between the fiber characteristics of reed cellulose, lignin, ash and so on. There is a very significant positive correlation, and the correlation coefficient is above 0.85. The chemical oxygen demand in the wastewater has a binomial relationship with the reed cellulose and lignin concentration, which has a logarithmic relationship with ash, fiber length, fiber length and width ratio and one element linear correlation with the fiber width. Content of composition. (4) after irrigation, the length of reed fiber, fiber width and fiber length width ratio became larger. The length of reed fiber, fiber width and fiber length width ratio increased with the increase of wastewater concentration in the same irrigation period. The fiber length, width, length width ratio of 300mg/L wastewater irrigation reached the maximum, and the water was compared with the water. The length of reed fiber, fiber width and fiber length width ratio were the best, the fiber length reached the maximum value of 1.49mm, fiber width was 10.35um, fiber length width ratio was 143.96. wastewater concentration to reed fiber length and width, the width of reed fiber length, fiber width and fiber length width ratio were the best. The length of reed fiber length, fiber width and fiber length width ratio were the best, fiber length reached 1.49mm, fiber width was 10.35um, fiber length and width ratio was 143.96. wastewater concentration. The P value of the variance result of the ratio of long width ratio is less than 0.05. It shows that the length, width and length width ratio of reed fiber are significant difference after irrigation with different concentration of wastewater. Wastewater irrigation will cause the length, width and fiber length width ratio of reed fiber significantly. The wastewater from rapid growth period irrigation will help the elongation and widening of reed fiber. There is a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the concentration of COD and the length, width ratio of reed fiber, and the correlation coefficient is above 0.90. The concentration of waste water has a logarithmic relationship with fiber length, fiber length and width ratio, and a linear correlation with fiber width. (5) reed fiber characteristics, such as reed cellulose and lignin, have a linear correlation with fiber width. Ash, fiber length, fiber width and fiber length width ratio were significantly or significantly positively correlated with plant height in the physiological indexes of reed, while lignin, ash, fiber length, fiber width and reed stem diameter, internode length, internode number, phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and soluble sugar content were not significant, and reed lignin, The correlation between fiber width and reed peroxidase activity is not significant. Fiber characteristics of reed fiber, fiber length width ratio and Reed Growth Physiological Index stem diameter, internode length, internode number, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, soluble sugar content is significant or very significant positive correlation. Reed fiber characteristics index ash, fiber length and reed birth The peroxidase activity in the Naga Mori index showed a significant positive correlation. In order to further clarify the influence factors of reed cellulose, lignin, ash, fiber length and fiber width, the stepwise regression analysis was carried out between the factors and the factors, and the activity of peroxidase was found to affect the cellulose of reed. The main factors of quality and ash (P0.05). (6) after the principal component analysis, it is clear that the best irrigation period and the concentration of the reed growth physiology and the concentration of the irrigated wastewater are 300mg/L in the rapid growth period of the papermaking wastewater (C1C), the control group is the lowest in the 16 irrigation methods, indicating that no paper is made. The composition, shape and influence factors of reed fiber in wastewater irrigation did not achieve ideal results.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S273.5;S564.2

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