亚热带次生林生态系统服务权衡与协同分析

发布时间：2018-06-23 10:11

  本文选题：生态系统服务 + 权衡与协同　； 参考：《中南林业科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：森林生态系统具有固碳增汇、固土保肥、提供木材产品及生物多样性保育等多种生态系统服务,对陆地生态系统和人类经济社会发展具有至关重要的作用。但是,生态系统服务之间具有相互制约、相互影响的复杂关系。伴随着经济社会的发展和人口的快速增长,人类对森林生态系统结构的破坏,导致了森林生态系统服务能力的下降。因此,正确认知森林生态系统服务之间的关系,有利于准确评估森林生态系统服务功能和制定科学政策以实现其可持续发展。本研究以亚热带地区马尾松-石栎针阔混交林、南酸枣落叶阔叶林和青冈-石栎常绿阔叶林三种次生林研究对象,选取植物多样性、调节服务(气候调节、空气质量调节、土壤碳、氮储量调节)及供给服务(能源供给、木材供给)指标,比较3种次生林之间7个生态系统服务指标的差异,采用均方根偏差法(RMSD)研究了 3种次生林生态系统服务之间权衡与协同的关系,并分析了权衡与协同关系的影响因素,研究结果如下:(1)南酸枣落叶阔叶林植物多样性显著高于马尾松-石栎针阔混交林和青冈-石栎常绿阔叶林(P0.05),但马尾松-石栎针阔混交林与青冈-石栎常绿阔叶林差异不显著。南酸枣落叶阔叶林和青冈-石栎常绿阔叶林的土壤碳、氮储量差异不显著,但显著高于马尾松-石栎针阔混交林(P0.05)。生物量固定的C02(C02.equ.)、生物量及基径断面积(BA)结果一致,表现为马尾松-石栎针阔混交林青冈-石栎常绿阔叶林南酸枣落叶阔叶林,且3种次生林之间存在显著性差异。3种次生林中青冈-石栎常绿阔叶林叶面积指数(LAI)显著大于南酸枣落叶阔叶林,但这两种森林类型均与马尾松-石栎针阔混交林差异不显著。(2)3种次生林生物多样性与4种调节服务和2种供给服务均表现为最高程度的权衡,表现为生物多样性相对收益较多。3种次生林土壤碳储量调节与氮储量调节均位于1:1线的附近,气候调节与能源供给点均落在1:1线上,表明土壤碳储量调节与氮储量调节、气候调节与能源供给间存在协同关系。3种森林类型气候调节与木材供给、能源供给与木材供给权衡时,木材供给具有相对较高的收益。(3)地形因素(高程、凹凸度等)与树种组成对森林生态系统服务权衡关系有不同的影响。马尾松-石栎针阔混交林中土壤氮储量调节与木材供给之间权衡关系主要受到高程的影响,南酸枣落叶阔叶林空气质量调节与生物多样性之间权衡关系受到高程和凹凸度2个地形因素的影响,而青冈-石栎常绿阔叶林中的质量调节与生物多样性之间的权衡关系受到林分中针叶树种比例、落叶阔叶树种比例和常绿阔叶树种比例等3个因素的共同影响。本研究比较了 3种次生林生态系统服务指标的差异,着重分析了次生林中生态系统服务之间的权衡与协同关系,并对其可能的影响因素进行了探讨,研究结果可为亚热带不同次生林的经营与利用提供科学依据,对根据不同生态系统服务类型制定政策具有重要的科学意义。
[Abstract]:Forest ecosystems have a variety of ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, soil fixing and fertilizer conservation, providing wood products and biodiversity conservation, which play a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems and human economic and social development. However, the complex relationship between ecosystem services and mutual influence is accompanied by economic society. The rapid growth of the population and the destruction of the structure of the forest ecosystem have resulted in the decline in the service capacity of the forest ecosystem. Therefore, a correct understanding of the relationship between the forest ecosystem services is conducive to the accurate assessment of the function of the forest ecosystem services and the formulation of the scientific policy to achieve its sustainable development. Three secondary forests of Pinus massoniana - Stone Oak and broad-leaved coniferous forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest of South sour jujube and evergreen broad-leaved forest of Qinggang - oak oak are studied, and plant diversity, regulation service (climate regulation, air quality regulation, soil carbon and nitrogen reserves regulation) and supply services (energy supply, wood supply), and 7 of the 3 secondary forests are selected. The difference of ecosystem service index was studied by using root mean square deviation (RMSD). The relationship between tradeoff and synergy between 3 secondary forest ecosystems was studied. The factors affecting the tradeoff and synergy were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) the species diversity of the deciduous broad-leaved forest of the South sour jujube was significantly higher than that of Pinus massoniana and Stone Oak broad-leaved mixed forest and green ridge. In the evergreen broad-leaved forest (P0.05), the difference was not significant between the Masson Pine - Stone Oak broad-leaved forest and the evergreen broad-leaved forest of Qinggang - oak oak. The soil carbon and nitrogen reserves in the soil of the deciduous broad-leaved and green oak evergreen broad-leaved forest were not significantly different, but significantly higher than the Masson pine coniferous broad-leaved forest (P0.05). The biomass fixed C02 (C02.equ.) and biomass. The results were consistent with the base diameter (BA), and the results showed that there was a significant difference between the 3 kinds of secondary forests. The leaf area index (LAI) of the green oak evergreen broad-leaved forest in.3 species was significantly greater than that of the South sour jujube deciduous broad-leaved forest, but the two forest types were different. The difference was not significant with the mixed forest of Pinus massoniana and stone oak. (2) the biological diversity of the 3 secondary forests and 4 kinds of regulation services and 2 kinds of supply services all showed the highest degree of balance, which showed that the soil carbon storage regulation and nitrogen reserves in the.3 secondary forests were both located near the 1:1 line, and the climate regulation and energy were regulated. The supply points all fall on the 1:1 line, indicating the regulation of soil carbon storage and the regulation of nitrogen reserves, there is a synergistic relationship between climate regulation and energy supply, and.3 forest types climate regulation and timber supply, and the relative higher yield of wood supply when the energy supply and timber supply are weighed. (3) topographic factors (elevation, concave and convex, etc.) and tree species composition The trade-off relationship between forest ecosystem services is different. The trade-off relationship between soil nitrogen reserves regulation and timber supply in Pinus massoniana and oak broad-leaved mixed forest is mainly influenced by height, and the balance between air quality regulation and biodiversity in the deciduous broad-leaved forest of South sour jujube is affected by 2 topographic factors. The trade-off relationship between quality regulation and biodiversity in Qinggang - Stone Oak evergreen broad-leaved forest was influenced by 3 factors such as the proportion of coniferous tree species, the proportion of deciduous broad-leaved tree species and the proportion of evergreen broad-leaved tree species in the forest. This study compared the differences in the ecosystem service indices of the 3 secondary forests, and focused on the secondary forest. The trade-off and synergistic relationship between state system services and its possible influencing factors are discussed. The results can provide scientific basis for the management and utilization of different subtropical secondary forests in subtropics, and have important scientific significance for formulating policies according to different types of ecosystem services.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S718.5
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本文编号：2056773