三种紫色土塘泥微生物群落结构研究

发布时间：2018-06-30 04:22

本文选题：紫色土 + 养殖池塘　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“养鱼先养水,养水先养泥”。池塘水质调控和管理的关键在于塘泥,而不同土壤形成的塘泥环境对塘泥微生物群落影响较大。本文以四川盆地三种典型紫色土(S_1,夹关组;S_2,沙溪庙组;S_3,蓬莱镇组)为供试土壤,在为期5个月的“单一淹水(对照组)”和“淹水投饲养殖(养殖组)”两种条件下,模拟研究以上不同紫色土的塘泥理化性质、营养成分及微生物群落的变化规律,以期为三种紫色土“宜渔性”评价提供依据和新路径。3种土壤在对照组编号分别为S_(1-0)、S_(2-0)和S_(3-0),养殖组编号分别为S_(1-1)、S_(2-1)和S_(3-1)。试验主要研究结果如下:1. 供试土壤的背景特征S_1、S_2和S_3的pH分别为4.77、7.46和7.92,分别属于酸性紫色土、中性紫色土和石灰性紫色土。S_1有机质含量较低低,与S_2和S_3差异显著(P0.05);TN(总氮)、TP(总磷)含量顺序均为:S3S2S1,S_2和S_3的TN、TP含量均显著高于S_1(P0.05)。常量养分(N+P+K+Ca+Mg+S)含量S3S2S1,微量养分(Fe+Zn+Mn+Cu+B)含量S2S1S3。2.三种土壤塘泥的理化性质与养分变化(1)试验期间塘泥温度在23-31℃范围内变化,变化趋势大致同气温走势。(2)所有处理塘泥pH除了S_(1-1)上升以外,其它塘泥pH均为少许下降,但所有塘泥pH在变化之后均保持相对稳定;养殖组三种塘泥pH均趋于中性,且均高于其对照组。单一淹水过程中,S_(1-0)塘泥保持氧化态不变,S_(2-0)和S_(3-0)塘泥逐渐由氧化态转变为还原态;淹水投饲养殖条件下,S_(1-1),S_(2-1)和S_(3-1)塘泥均会很快从氧化态转变为还原态。(3)所有处理的塘泥有机质、TN、TP含量总体呈现上升趋势,对照组上升趋势均弱于养殖组。养殖组中,S_(1-1)塘泥有机质、TN、TP含量均最低;有机质含量为S_(2-1)S_(3-1),TP含量S_(3-1)S_(2-1);TN含量为试验前期S_(2-1)较高,后期S_(3-1)较高。(4)养殖组中,S_(3-1)塘泥有机质、TN、TP累计沉积量均相对较低;S_(1-1)塘泥TN、TP沉积量较S_(2-1)绝大多数时期高,而S_(2-1)塘泥有机质沉积量显著高于S_(1-1)。3.三种土壤塘泥中的微生物群落结构与数量特征(1)各处理塘泥微生物密度均逐渐下降;除S_(1-0)塘泥外,其它处理组微生物群落多样性则大多呈上升状态。投饲养殖条件下,塘泥微生物密度S_(3-1)S_(2-1)S_(1-1),物种多样性指数S_(2-1)S_(3-1)S_(1-1),物种均匀度指数差异不大,均接近1。总体而言,酸性紫色土S_(1-1)塘泥微生物群落多样性较差。(2)高通量测序分析表明,三种紫色土的6个处理的塘泥(18个样本)共检测出微生物属于53个门类,优势门类均为变形菌门,占比较高的还有厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门、Elusimicrobia、绿弯菌门、疣微菌门、梭菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、放线菌门、螺旋体、Latscitacteria、纤维杆菌门等10余个门类;检测出的微生物种数达6043种(OUT种数),其中可分类到属的共有764种,可分类到种的共有175种,大多数为尚未定义或研究的类群。分类到属的统计发现,占各处理比例前10位的微生物类群共有38个属,其覆盖OUT数超过45.8%。(3)RAD分析表明,三种紫色土塘泥微生物群落的多样性指数(Observed-Species和Shannon Index)和均匀度指数(Simpson Index和Pielou Index)与塘泥pH、有机质、TN、TP含量呈显著正相关,与O.R.P呈负相关;大多数微生物数量占比与塘泥pH、有机质、TN、TP含量呈正相关,与O.R.P呈负相关性,仅少数几种微生物占比与pH、有机质、TN、TP含量呈显著负相关,与O.R.P呈正相关。(4)在三种紫色土塘泥(共6个处理)中发现了芽孢杆菌、硝化菌和放线菌等益生菌,总体上益生菌占比S_(2-1)S_(3-1)S_(1-1);同时也发现了黄杆菌、肠杆菌、气单胞菌、假单胞菌等有害菌,有害菌占比为S_(2-1)S_(1-1)S_(3-1)。
[Abstract]:The key to the regulation and management of water quality in the pond lies in the pond, and the pond environment formed by different soils has a great influence on the microorganism community of the pond. In this paper, three typical purple soils in Sichuan basin (S_1, Guan Guan group, S_2, Shaxi Temple group, S_3, Penglai town group) are used as the tested soil, for 5 months "Dan Yiyan" Under the two conditions of water (control group) and submergence feeding culture (aquaculture group), the physical and chemical properties, nutrients and microbial communities of different purple soils were simulated and studied in order to provide the basis for the evaluation of three kinds of purple soil "suitable for fishing" and the new path of.3 soil in the control group of S_ (1-0), S_ (2-0) and S_ (3-0) the numbers of the culture group were S_ (1-1), S_ (2-1) and S_ (3-1). The main results were as follows: 1. the background characteristics of the soil were S_1, the pH of S_2 and S_3 were 4.77,7.46 and 7.92 respectively, and the content of.S_1 organic matter in the neutral Purple Soil and the calcareous purple soil was lower, and the difference was significant (P0.05) with S_2 and S_3 (total nitrogen). The contents of total phosphorus were all: S3S2S1, S_2 and S_3 TN, TP content was significantly higher than S_1 (P0.05). The constant nutrient (N+P+K+Ca+Mg+S) content S3S2S1, micronutrient (Fe+Zn+Mn+Cu+B) content S2S1S3.2. three soil pond sludge physical and chemical properties and nutrient changes (1) during the test period of the pond temperature in the range of 23-31 degrees, the change trend is roughly the same as the temperature. (2) (2) all the treatment of pond sludge, except for S_ (1-1), decreased a little, but all the pH of the pond remained relatively stable after the change; the three pond pH of the aquaculture group tended to be neutral and higher than that of the control group. In the process of single flooding, S_ (1-0) pond kept the oxidation state, S_ (2-0) and S_ (3-0) pond gradually oxidized. S_ (1-1), S_ (2-1) and S_ (3-1) pond will quickly change from oxidizing state to reductive state. (3) the content of organic matter, TN, TP content in the pond of all treated pond increases, and the rising trend of the control group is weaker than that of the culture group. In the culture group, S_ (1-1) pond organic matter, TN, TP content are the lowest. The mass content was S_ (2-1) S_ (3-1), TP content S_ (3-1) S_ (2-1), TN content was higher in the early stage of test and higher in later stage S_ (3-1). (4) S_ (3-1) pond organic matter, TN, TP accumulative deposition was relatively low; S_ (1-1) pond sludge was higher than most period of 2-1 (2-1), whereas (2-1) pond organic matter was significantly higher than 1-1 (1-1) Microbial community structure and quantitative characteristics in the three kinds of soil pond sludge (1) the microbial density of the pond sludge decreased gradually. In addition to the S_ (1-0) pond, the microbial community diversity in other treatment groups was mostly on the rise. Under the condition of feeding and feeding, the microorganism density of pond sludge was S_ (3-1) S_ (2-1) S_ (1-1), species diversity index S_ (2-1) S_ (3-1) S_ (1-1), 1-1 (1-1)). The diversity of species evenness index was not very different. The diversity of S_ (1-1) pond microbial community in acid purple soil was poor. (2) high throughput sequencing analysis showed that 6 treatments of three purple soils (18 samples) found that microbes belonged to 53 categories, and the dominant groups were all Proteus, which had a higher thickness and thick wall. Bacteriomatosis, bacilli, acid bacilli, Elusimicrobia, phylum verruca, Clostridium, Clostridium, actinomycetes, actinomycetes, helix, Latscitacteria, bacilli, etc.; 6043 species of microbes (OUT species) were detected and 764 species were classified to a total of 175 species, most of which were classified as species. For the group that has not been defined or studied, it is found that there are 38 genera of the first 10 microbiological groups in the first 10 positions of each treatment. The number of mulching more than 45.8%. (3) RAD analysis shows that the diversity index (Observed-Species and Shannon Index) and the evenness index (Simpson Index and Pielou In) of the three purple soil pond microbial communities DEX) had a significant positive correlation with pH, organic matter, TN, TP content and negative correlation with O.R.P; most microbial biomass accounted for a positive correlation with pH, organic matter, TN, TP content and negative correlation with O.R.P. Only a few microorganism accounted for a significant negative correlation with pH, organic matter, TN, TP content. (4) in three kinds of purple soil ponds A total of probiotics, such as bacillus, nitrifying bacteria and actinomycetes, were found in 6 treatments. On the whole, probiotics accounted for S_ (2-1) S_ (3-1) S_ (1-1), and other harmful bacteria, such as Flavobacterium, enterobacter, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and S_ (2-1) S_ (1-1) S_ (3-1), were also found.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S917.1

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