沸石对铅污染水灌溉稻田土壤环境及水稻生长的影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 07:49

  本文选题：铅 + 沸石　； 参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：铅因子因自然作用或人为活动而进入陆地以及水环境中,给作物安全种植、人们身体健康带来威胁。水稻作为我国主要的粮食作物之一,在粮食生产中占重要地位,部分种植地区灌溉水有不同程度的铅污染。为探讨铅污染水灌溉下在土壤中施用沸石对土壤环境和水稻长势及稻米品质、铅在水稻植株中富集的影响,本文在总结了国内外铅污染对植物生长的影响研究的基础上,以水稻作为材料,采用微区试验,在水稻土中施用了不同添加量的沸石(0、2500、5000kg·ha-1),在生长期间用不同浓度(0、0.25、0.2、0.15mg·L-1)的含铅污水进行灌溉,分析沸石对铅污染水灌溉稻田土壤钾、磷、全氮、全碳和pH值的影响和对水稻产量及品质、铅在水稻植株中富集及水稻长势的影响。主要研究结果如下:(1)沸石对铅污染水灌溉稻田土壤钾、磷、全氮、全碳、pH值的影响未施用沸石时,铅污水抑制土壤pH值和速效钾、全氮、全碳含量,低浓度铅污水促进速效磷含量;清水灌溉时,沸石降低土壤全碳和速效磷含量,提高土壤pH值,沸石施用量为W1提高土壤氮和速效钾含量;在低浓度铅污水灌溉下沸石提高土壤速效钾和pH值,降低土壤速效磷和全碳含量,施用沸石量为W2时,土壤全氮含量降低。(2)沸石对铅污染水灌溉稻田水稻长势及产量的影响灌溉水中铅对株高、分蘖起抑制作用,随着浓度的增加影响并无规律性;在相同铅因子浓度水灌溉下,沸石对水稻的株高、地上部干重及地下部干重均有促进作用,对地下部分影响作用受灌溉水铅浓度的影响,铅浓度越高则促进作用越受抑制。低浓度铅污水灌溉下沸石对水稻产量有促进作用,不同沸石施用量对水稻产量的影响不同,施用2500 kg.ha-1时,降低水稻产量,铅水浓度越高降低越明显;施用5000 kg·ha-1时,促进水稻产量。(3)沸石对铅污染水灌溉稻田稻米品质的影响低浓度含铅水与沸石对米中水分均有促进作用,沸石处理对水分促进作用大于铅;沸石对米中蛋白质含量起负作用,同一灌溉浓度,沸石添加量增加,蛋白质含量减少量增加,而铅水对蛋白质的含量起促进作用;在低浓度铅因子水灌溉下,沸石对直链淀粉含量起促进作用,同一灌溉浓度,沸石施用量增加,稻米中淀粉增加量减少,不同处理下,米中水分及直链淀粉这两项指标含量仍符合绿色大米标准。(水分≤15.5%,直链淀粉 13.0%～20.0%)。(4)沸石对铅污染水灌溉下铅在土壤-水稻系统富集和迁移规律影响水稻各器官铅的富集系数按大小顺序排列为:根茎叶米,当灌溉的铅污水铅浓度一定时,施用沸石量为W2,显著增大根中铅富集系数,茎、叶、米中Pb富集系数减小,茎、叶、米中Pb的迁移系数随着施用沸石量增加而减小。
[Abstract]:Lead factor enters the land and water environment because of natural action or human activities, which brings about threat to the safety of crop planting and the health of people. As one of the main food crops in China, rice plays an important role in grain production, and there is lead pollution in irrigation water in some planting areas. In order to study the effects of zeolite application on soil environment, rice growth and rice quality, and the enrichment of lead in rice plants under lead polluted water irrigation, this paper summarized the effects of lead pollution on plant growth at home and abroad. Using rice as a material, different amount of zeolite (0: 2500kg / kg ha-1) was applied to paddy soil to irrigate lead-containing sewage with different concentrations (0 ~ (0.25) ~ (0.25) ~ (0.2) ~ (0.15 mg ~ (-1) during the growing period. The effects of zeolite on potassium, phosphorus and total nitrogen of paddy soil irrigated with lead polluted water were analyzed. The effects of total carbon and pH value on the yield and quality of rice, the enrichment of lead in rice plants and the growth of rice. The main results are as follows: (1) the effects of zeolite on potassium, phosphorus, total nitrogen, total carbon and total carbon in paddy soil irrigated with lead polluted water. Without the application of zeolite, lead wastewater inhibited soil pH value, available potassium, total nitrogen and total carbon content. When irrigated with clean water, zeolite decreased soil total carbon and available phosphorus content, increased soil pH value, and increased soil available potassium and nitrogen content by using W1. Under low concentration of lead sewage irrigation, zeolites increased soil available potassium and pH value, reduced soil available phosphorus and total carbon contents, and applied zeolites to W2. (2) the effect of zeolite on the growth and yield of rice irrigated with lead polluted water; the effect of lead on plant height and tillering inhibition in irrigation water was not regular with the increase of concentration. Zeolites promoted plant height, dry weight above ground and dry weight of underground part of rice. The effect on underground part was affected by lead concentration in irrigation water, and the higher the concentration of lead was, the more inhibited the promoting effect was. Under low concentration of lead sewage irrigation, zeolites could promote rice yield, and different zeolites had different effects on rice yield. When 2500 kg.ha-1 was applied, the yield of rice was decreased, the higher the concentration of lead and water was, the more obvious it was, and the more 5000 kg ha-1 was applied, the lower the yield of rice was. (3) effects of zeolite on quality of rice irrigated with lead-polluted water. (3) low concentration of lead water and zeolite can promote water content in rice, zeolite treatment can promote water content more than lead, zeolites play a negative role on protein content of rice. At the same irrigation concentration, zeolite content increased and protein content decreased, while lead water promoted protein content, under low concentration lead factor water irrigation, zeolites promoted amylose content, the same irrigation concentration, Under different treatments, the content of water and amylose in rice still accord with the standard of green rice. (water 鈮，

本文编号：2102034