藜麦活性物质提取及测定方法的比较

发布时间：2018-07-12 10:42

本文选题：藜麦 + 活性物质　；参考：《甘肃农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa willd)属藜科藜属植物,是安第斯山脉重要的粮食作物之一。藜麦具有很高的营养价值,不仅富含蛋白质及钙、铁、锌和维生素E等微量营养素,而且含有人体所需的全部必需氨基酸,富含多种生物活性物质,被列为全球十大营养食品之一。近年来,我国不断从国外引进并种植藜麦,除了在生产上有研究外,藜麦中的活性物质也逐渐引起人们的注意,藜麦活性物质的提取也成为重要研究课题之一,为此,本研究对藜麦皂苷、生物碱、黄酮等三种活性物质的提取及测定方法进行了比较,具体结果如下:1.关于藜麦种子和麸皮皂苷不同提取方法的比较研究,以藜麦种子和麸皮为材料,探讨超声辅助提取法、甲醇回流提取法和乙醇回流提取法三种不同方法的提取温度、提取时间、提取液浓度和料液比对皂苷提取量的影响,在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交实验确定最佳提取条件。结果表明藜麦种子皂苷提取的最佳方法为超声辅助提取法,最佳提取条件为在60℃温度,90%乙醇浓度,1:15的料液比条件下提取1.0 h,在此条件下皂苷提取量为5.060 mg/g;藜麦麸皮皂苷提取的最佳方法也是超声辅助提取法,最佳提取条件为在70℃温度,90%乙醇浓度,1:15的料液比条件下提取1.5 h,在此条件下皂苷提取量为6.071 mg/g。研究证明超声辅助提取法适宜提取藜麦皂苷,该研究可为藜麦皂苷的开发利用提供理论依据和技术参考。2.关于藜麦种子生物碱不同提取方法的比较研究,以藜麦种子为材料,对乙醇回流法、超声波辅助提取法提取及其不同提取条件进行了研究,在单因素实验的基础上,利用正交实验考查乙醇浓度、料液比及提取时间对藜麦种子生物碱提取量的影响,结果表明:乙醇回流法提取的最佳条件为:乙醇浓度80%,料液比1:8,提取60min;测得提取量为2.170mg/g;超声波辅助提取法提取最佳条件为:乙醇浓度80%,料液比1:6,提取80 min;测得提取量为2.030 mg/g。相比而言乙醇回流法提取率较高,提取时间较短,从生物碱提取率和提取时间的角度考虑可选用乙醇回流法。且乙醇回流法操作快捷方便,所以更适用于工业生产中应用。3.关于藜麦种子总黄酮含量提取的氯化铝显色法和硝酸铝显色法两种方法及其主要影响因素的比较研究,以藜麦种子为材料,在单因素实验基础上,选取乙醇浓度、提取温度和提取时间为影响因素,以藜麦种子总黄酮得率为响应值进行响应面分析。结果表明氯化铝显色法的最佳提取条件是在乙醇浓度为71.97%,提取温度为62.45℃条件下提取1.11h,此时藜麦黄酮得率为5.322%,误差为7.68%;硝酸铝显色法的最佳提取条件是在乙醇浓度为84.43%,提取温度为61.13℃条件下提取1.24h时,此时藜麦黄酮得率为8.799%,误差为1.24%。最后得出硝酸铝显色法误差小,稳定性高,所得总黄酮含量较高,适合于藜麦种子总黄酮含量的提取测定的结果。综上所述,超声辅助提取法适于提取藜麦皂苷,该研究可为藜麦皂苷的开发利用提供理论依据和技术参考。对于藜麦种子生物碱的提取,乙醇回流法提取率较高,提取时间较短,从生物碱提取率和提取时间的角度考虑可选用乙醇回流法。且乙醇回流法操作快捷方便,更适用于工业生产中的应用。关于藜麦总黄酮不同显色剂的研究显示,硝酸铝显色法误差小,稳定性高,所得总黄酮含量较高,适于藜麦种子总黄酮含量的提取和测定。
[Abstract]:Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) of the genus quinoa, one of the most important food crops in the Andes. Quinoa is of high nutritional value. It is not only rich in protein and calcium, iron, zinc and vitamin E, but also contains all the essential amino acids needed by the human body and rich in many bioactive substances. It is listed as ten of the world. In recent years, China has continuously imported and planted quinoa from abroad. In addition to the research on production, the active substances in quinoa have gradually aroused people's attention, and the extraction of the active substances of quinoa has become one of the most important research topics. Therefore, three active substances, such as quinoa saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids, are extracted from this study. The results are compared and the results are as follows: 1. comparative study on different extraction methods of quinoa seeds and bran saponins. The extraction temperature, extraction time, extraction time, concentration and material of the three different methods of ultrasonic assisted extraction, methanol reflux extraction and ethanol reflux extraction were studied. On the basis of single factor experiment, the optimum extraction conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment on the basis of single factor experiment. The results showed that the best extraction method of saponins from quinoa was ultrasonic assisted extraction. The optimum extraction condition was 60 C, 90% ethanol concentration, and 1 h extraction under the condition of material and liquid ratio at 1:15. Under this condition, the saponins were extracted. The optimum extraction method is 5.060 mg/g. The best extraction method of quinoa bran saponins is ultrasonic assisted extraction. The optimum extraction condition is at 70 C, 90% ethanol concentration and 1.5 h under the condition of 1:15. In this condition, the extraction of saponins is 6.071 mg/g., which proves that the ultrasonic assisted extraction method is suitable for extracting quinoa saponins. The development and utilization of saponins provide theoretical basis and technical reference.2. for comparative study on different extraction methods of quinoa seed alkaloids. With the seed of quinoa as material, ethanol reflux method, ultrasonic assisted extraction and different extraction conditions were studied. On the basis of single factor test, the ethanol concentration was examined by orthogonal experiment. The effect of liquid ratio and extraction time on the extraction of quinoa seed alkaloids showed that the optimum extraction conditions of ethanol reflux method were as follows: ethanol concentration was 80%, the ratio of material to liquid was 1:8, 60min was extracted, the extraction amount was 2.170mg/g, and the optimum extraction conditions were 80%, 80 min and 2 extraction, and the extraction amount was 2. Compared with 30 mg/g., ethanol reflux method has higher extraction rate and shorter extraction time. Ethanol reflux method can be selected from the angle of alkaloid extraction and extraction time. The ethanol reflux method is fast and convenient, so it is more suitable for the application of.3. in the industrial production of aluminum chloride and aluminum nitrate on the extraction of the total yellow ketone content of quinoa seeds Two methods and their main influencing factors were compared. On the basis of the single factor experiment, the concentration of ethanol, the extraction temperature and the extraction time were selected as the influencing factors. The response surface analysis was carried out with the yield of the total flavonoids in the seed of quinoa. The results showed that the optimum extraction condition of the coloration method was in the case of aluminum chloride. The concentration of ethanol was 71.97% and the extraction temperature was 62.45 degrees centigrade. The yield of quinoa was 5.322% and the error was 7.68%. The optimum extraction condition of aluminum nitrate colorimetric method was that when the concentration of ethanol was 84.43% and the extraction temperature was 61.13 centigrade, the yield of quinoa was 8.799%, and the error was 1.24%. and aluminum nitrate was finally obtained by 1.24%.. The color method has the advantages of small error, high stability and high content of total flavonoids, which is suitable for the extraction and determination of the total flavonoids in the seeds of quinoa. To sum up, the ultrasonic assisted extraction is suitable for extracting quinoa saponins. This study can provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the development and utilization of quinoa saponins. The extraction rate of the reflux method is high and the extraction time is short. The ethanol reflux method can be selected from the angle of alkaloid extraction and extraction time. And the ethanol reflux method is fast and convenient to operate, and it is more suitable for the application in industrial production. High content of ketone is suitable for extraction and determination of total flavonoids in quinoa seeds.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S519

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