生物炭对水稻茎秆抗倒性的影响
发布时间：2018-07-16 22:50
【摘要】：水稻是我国最重要的粮食作物,倒伏是水稻生产的重要限制因素,不仅严重影响产量,而且直接降低品质。生物炭对改良土壤理化性质,提高肥料利用效率,促进农业可持续发展等都具有重要作用。迄今对水稻抗倒伏性和生物炭农业应用都进行了广泛研究,但是将生物炭与水稻抗倒伏性联系起来的报道不多。本文以抗倒伏性有显著差异的沈农265和秋田小町为试材,研究了生物炭对水稻茎秆抗倒性及生长发育的影响,探索通过生物炭提高水稻抗倒伏性的新途径。主要研究结果如下:1.研究施炭量对茎秆抗倒伏性影响的结果表明,两品种不同施炭处理茎秆抗折力都有所提高,其中20t/hm2和40t/hm2处理的抗折力效果最显著。两品种各节间倒伏指数处理间均没有显著性差异,但不同施炭处理的倒伏指数均有小于不施炭处理的趋势,两品种不同节间呈现出20t/hm2和40t/hm2处理倒伏指数最小。2.研究施炭量对茎秆形态及解剖结构影响的结果表明,两品种不同处理间株高、节间长度、茎粗均未达到显著水平,株高及节间长度随着施炭量增加呈逐渐增加趋势,茎粗均表现为施炭处理大于不施炭处理的趋势。两品种维管束性状有随施炭量增加而改善的趋势,沈农265 10t/hm2和40t/hm2处理显著增加大小维管束数目,秋田小町40t/hm2处理显著增加小维管束数目。沈农265 10t/hm2处理的大维管束面积、大维管束木质部面积、大维管束韧皮部面积显著增加,而40t/hm2处理小维管束面积、小维管束木质部面积均显著增加。秋田小町10t/hm2和40t/hm2处理的大维管束木质部而积、20t/hm2处理的大维管束韧皮部面积显著增加。3.研究施炭量对茎秆化学成分影响的结果表明,两品种不同施炭处理的淀粉含量、木质素含量有高于不施炭处理的趋势,40t/hm2处理能够显著提高沈农265茎秆淀粉和木质素含量。两品种不同施炭处理茎秆的全钾含量大多高于不施炭处理,沈农26510t/hm2、40t/hm2处理茎秆的全钾含量显著高于不施炭处理,秋田小町相应指标处理间差异均不显著。4.两品种不同处理齐穗期、成熟期生物量有所增加,但是均无显著性差异,不同处理经济系数没有明显变化。沈农265不同施炭处理产量均高于不施炭处理,且随着施炭量的增加有逐渐增大的趋势。秋田小町只有20t/hm2处理的产量高于不施炭处理。两品种有效穗数随着施炭量的增加呈现出先增加后降低的趋势。5.沈农265 10t/hm2处理糙米率、精米率均显著高于不施炭处理,秋田小町不同处(?)理间无显著差异,两品种外观品质处理间均无显著差异。尽管差异没有达到显著水平,但是不同施炭处理两品种食味品质均有一定程度改善。沈农265 20t/hm2处理的最高粘度和崩解值最高,消减值最小;秋田小町40t/hm2处理的最高粘度和崩解值最高,消减值最小。
[Abstract]:Rice is the most important grain crop in China. Lodging is an important limiting factor for rice production. It not only affects the yield seriously, but also reduces the quality directly. The biological carbon is important for improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, improving the efficiency of fertilizer use and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. Extensive studies have been carried out, but there are few reports on the relationship between biological charcoal and rice lodging resistance. In this paper, Shen Nong 265 and Akita Xiao CHO, which have significant difference in lodging resistance, have studied the effects of biological charcoal on the resistance and growth of rice stem, and explore a new way to improve the lodging resistance of rice through raw carbon. The results are as follows: 1. the results of the effect of the amount of carbon on the lodging resistance of the stem showed that the flexure resistance of the two varieties was improved, and the flexural effect of 20t/hm2 and 40t/hm2 treatment was the most significant. There was no significant difference between the two varieties of internode lodging index treatment, but the lodging index of different charcoal treatments were all Less than no carbon treatment, the effects of 20t/hm2 and 40t/hm2 on the minimum.2. of lodging index in different internodes showed that the effects of carbon amount on the morphological and anatomical structure of the stems of the two varieties showed that the height of the two varieties was high, the length of internode and the stem diameter did not reach the significant level, and the plant height and the internode length increased gradually with the increase of carbon application. The trend of the growth trend was that the stem diameter was higher than that of non carbon treatment. Two varieties of vascular bundles had a tendency to improve with the increase of carbon application. Shen Nong 265 10t/hm2 and 40t/hm2 significantly increased the number of vascular bundles. The number of small vascular bundles was significantly increased by 40t/hm2 treatment in Akita Xiao Chi. The large vascular bundles treated by Shen Nong 265 10t/hm2 Area, the area of xylem in large vascular bundle, the area of the phloem of large vascular bundle increased significantly, while the area of small vascular bundle in 40t/hm2 treated small vascular bundles increased significantly. The xylem area of the large vascular bundles treated by 10t/hm2 and 40t/hm2 in Akita was accumulated. The area of the phloem of the large vascular bundle treated by 20t/hm2 was significantly increased by.3. and the amount of carbon applied to the stem. The results of chemical composition of stem showed that the content of starch and lignin in two varieties treated by two varieties was higher than that of non carbon treatment. The content of starch and lignin in Shen Nong 265 stems could be significantly increased by 40t/hm2 treatment. The total potassium content of two varieties treated with different charcoal treatments was much higher than that of non carbon treatment, Shen Nong 26510t/hm2,40t/hm. The total potassium content of 2 treated stems was significantly higher than that of non carbon treatment, and there was no significant difference between.4. two and different treatments, but there was no significant difference in the mature period, but there was no significant difference in the economic coefficient. The yield of Shennong 265 was higher than that of non carbon application. With the increase of carbon application, the yield of the only 20t/hm2 treated in Akita was higher than that of non carbon treatment. The effective spike number of two varieties increased first and then decreased with the increase of carbon amount,.5. Shen Nong 265 10t/hm2 treated brown rice rate, and the rate of fine rice was higher than that of non carbon treatment, and the difference between Akita and Cho was different (?) There was no significant difference between the two varieties, although there was no significant difference between the appearance quality treatment of the two varieties. Although the difference did not reach the significant level, the taste quality of two varieties was improved to some extent. The highest viscosity and disintegration value of Shen Nong 265 20t/hm2 treatment was the lowest; the highest viscosity and avalanche treated by 40t/hm2 in Akita Xiao - Chi The value of solution is the highest and the subtractive value is the smallest.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511
，
本文编号：2127911
[Abstract]:Rice is the most important grain crop in China. Lodging is an important limiting factor for rice production. It not only affects the yield seriously, but also reduces the quality directly. The biological carbon is important for improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, improving the efficiency of fertilizer use and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. Extensive studies have been carried out, but there are few reports on the relationship between biological charcoal and rice lodging resistance. In this paper, Shen Nong 265 and Akita Xiao CHO, which have significant difference in lodging resistance, have studied the effects of biological charcoal on the resistance and growth of rice stem, and explore a new way to improve the lodging resistance of rice through raw carbon. The results are as follows: 1. the results of the effect of the amount of carbon on the lodging resistance of the stem showed that the flexure resistance of the two varieties was improved, and the flexural effect of 20t/hm2 and 40t/hm2 treatment was the most significant. There was no significant difference between the two varieties of internode lodging index treatment, but the lodging index of different charcoal treatments were all Less than no carbon treatment, the effects of 20t/hm2 and 40t/hm2 on the minimum.2. of lodging index in different internodes showed that the effects of carbon amount on the morphological and anatomical structure of the stems of the two varieties showed that the height of the two varieties was high, the length of internode and the stem diameter did not reach the significant level, and the plant height and the internode length increased gradually with the increase of carbon application. The trend of the growth trend was that the stem diameter was higher than that of non carbon treatment. Two varieties of vascular bundles had a tendency to improve with the increase of carbon application. Shen Nong 265 10t/hm2 and 40t/hm2 significantly increased the number of vascular bundles. The number of small vascular bundles was significantly increased by 40t/hm2 treatment in Akita Xiao Chi. The large vascular bundles treated by Shen Nong 265 10t/hm2 Area, the area of xylem in large vascular bundle, the area of the phloem of large vascular bundle increased significantly, while the area of small vascular bundle in 40t/hm2 treated small vascular bundles increased significantly. The xylem area of the large vascular bundles treated by 10t/hm2 and 40t/hm2 in Akita was accumulated. The area of the phloem of the large vascular bundle treated by 20t/hm2 was significantly increased by.3. and the amount of carbon applied to the stem. The results of chemical composition of stem showed that the content of starch and lignin in two varieties treated by two varieties was higher than that of non carbon treatment. The content of starch and lignin in Shen Nong 265 stems could be significantly increased by 40t/hm2 treatment. The total potassium content of two varieties treated with different charcoal treatments was much higher than that of non carbon treatment, Shen Nong 26510t/hm2,40t/hm. The total potassium content of 2 treated stems was significantly higher than that of non carbon treatment, and there was no significant difference between.4. two and different treatments, but there was no significant difference in the mature period, but there was no significant difference in the economic coefficient. The yield of Shennong 265 was higher than that of non carbon application. With the increase of carbon application, the yield of the only 20t/hm2 treated in Akita was higher than that of non carbon treatment. The effective spike number of two varieties increased first and then decreased with the increase of carbon amount,.5. Shen Nong 265 10t/hm2 treated brown rice rate, and the rate of fine rice was higher than that of non carbon treatment, and the difference between Akita and Cho was different (?) There was no significant difference between the two varieties, although there was no significant difference between the appearance quality treatment of the two varieties. Although the difference did not reach the significant level, the taste quality of two varieties was improved to some extent. The highest viscosity and disintegration value of Shen Nong 265 20t/hm2 treatment was the lowest; the highest viscosity and avalanche treated by 40t/hm2 in Akita Xiao - Chi The value of solution is the highest and the subtractive value is the smallest.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511
，
本文编号：2127911
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shoufeilunwen/zaizhiyanjiusheng/2127911.html
