烟田拮抗微生物的互作及其应用效果研究
发布时间：2018-07-24 13:14
【摘要】：为探讨拮抗微生物间的相互作用关系及其对烟草农艺性状与根围微生物的影响,试验在前人研究基础上,以洛阳烟田原位土壤中分离的16株对烟草常见土传病原真菌有良好抑制作用的拮抗真菌、细菌和放线菌为对象,通过改良的平板对峙培养法,测定其相互作用关系,确定相对亲和的拮抗菌株;通过二次发酵培养将拮抗菌株复合菌群与有机辅料结合,制备成微生态制剂;在洛宁县烟田设置不同处理,研究该微生态制剂对烟草不同生育期农艺性状及其根围土壤微生物的影响,结果如下。(1)拮抗菌株之间的相互抑制率测定结果表明,多数拮抗微生物之间存在相互抑制作用,其相互作用关系主要表现在空间位点和营养物质的竞争、产生抗生类物质影响气生菌丝和基内菌丝的生长等;试验筛选出相对亲和的拮抗真菌、细菌与放线菌各3株。(2)拮抗真菌T1、T2与T3相互抑制率均在50%以下,表现为营养竞争,可以协调生长;与拮抗放线菌S2、S4、S7和拮抗细菌B1、B2、B3分别对峙培养时,相互抑制作用较小。拮抗细菌B1、B2与B3之间互作表现为基本亲和,可以协调生长;与拮抗放线菌S2、S4、S7分别对峙培养时,拮抗放线菌均能正常生长,对拮抗细菌抑制作用很强。拮抗放线菌S2、S4与S7之间相互抑制作用较小,可以协调生长。(3)拮抗微生物二次发酵制成的微生态制剂初级产品(复合生物有机肥)物理性状良好,显微检测拮抗微生物能够在其上成功定殖。(4)烟草田间农艺性状测定结果表明,增施有机肥与微生态制剂均能有效增加株高和茎围,扩大叶片数和叶面积。(5)增施有机肥与微生态制剂均能增加烟草采收期根围土壤可培养的微生物菌落数量,与对照相比其真菌数量分别增加了379.12%和78.06%;细菌数量分别增加了16.45%和5.21%;放线菌数量分别增加了9.37%和5.14%。使用微生态制剂的处理根围土壤真菌数量的增加幅度显著低于使用有机肥的处理。(6)增施有机肥的处理,其根围土壤微生物的物种丰富度与群落多样性最高,其次为增施微生态制剂的处理,对照最低。增施有机肥与微生态制剂的两个处理的土壤样本相似度高,且两个土壤样本中的链霉菌和芽孢杆菌相对含量高于对照。试验通过室内筛选与田间调查相结合,明确了多种拮抗微生物之间的相互作用关系,研制开发了复合微生态制剂的初级产品,探讨了该产品对烟草不同生育期农艺性状及其根围土壤微生物的影响,为进一步利用多种拮抗微生物协同防治烟草土传真菌病害奠定了一定的理论与实践基础。
[Abstract]:On the basis of previous studies, 16 strains of antagonistic fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, isolated from the common soil borne pathogenic fungi of tobacco, were studied on the basis of previous studies to investigate the interaction relationship between antagonistic microorganisms and their effects on tobacco agronomic traits and rhizosphere microbes. The improved plate was used by the 16 strains of antagonistic fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, which were isolated from the in situ soil of tobacco field in the tobacco field. The antagonistic strain was determined by the confrontation culture method, and the antagonistic antagonistic strain was determined. The microecological preparation was prepared by combining the antagonistic strains of the antagonistic strains with the organic excipients through two fermentation culture. The different treatments were set up in the tobacco field in Luoning County, and the microecological agents were studied for the agronomic characters and the soil microbiology of root surrounding soil at different growth stages. The results were as follows. (1) the results of the inhibition rate of antagonistic strains showed that most antagonistic microorganisms had mutual inhibition, their interaction was mainly in the competition of space sites and nutrients, and the growth of antifungal substances affected the growth of the mycelium and the inner mycelium. The antagonistic antagonistic fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes each 3. (2) antagonistic fungi T1, T2 and T3 inhibition rates are less than 50%, showing the competition of nutrition, can coordinate growth, and antagonistic actinomycetes S2, S4, S7 and antagonistic bacteria B1, B2, B3 respectively in confrontation between the antagonistic bacteria B1, B2 and B3 interaction between the performance of the basic affinity, With Antagonistic Actinomycetes S2, S4 and S7, antagonistic actinomycetes can grow normally and have strong inhibitory effect on antagonistic bacteria. Antagonistic actinomycetes, S2, S4 and S7 have little mutual inhibition and can coordinate growth. (3) the primary product of micro ecological preparation (compound bio organic fertilizer) made of two times of fermentation by antagonistic microorganisms. Good physical properties, microscopic examination of antagonistic microorganisms can be successfully colonized on it. (4) measurement of agronomic characters of tobacco field showed that adding organic manure and microecological agents can effectively increase plant height and stem circumference, increase leaf number and leaf area. (5) adding organic fertilizer and microecological agents can increase the cultivation of root surrounding soil in the harvest period of tobacco. The number of microbial colonies increased by 379.12% and 78.06%, respectively, and the number of fungi increased by 16.45% and 5.21%, respectively. The number of actinomycetes increased by 9.37% and 5.14%. used microecological agents respectively. The increase in the number of fungi in the root surrounding soil was significantly lower than that in the use of organic manure. (6) adding organic manure. The species richness and community diversity of the soil microbes were the highest, followed by the treatment with microecological preparation, and the control was the lowest. The two soil samples treated with organic fertilizer and microecological preparation were similar, and the relative content of Streptomyces and Bacillus in the two soil samples was higher than that of the control. A combination of internal screening and field investigation was used to clarify the interaction between a variety of antagonistic microorganisms. The primary products of the compound microecological preparation were developed, and the effects of the product on the agronomic characters and soil microbes in different growth stages of tobacco were discussed, and the synergistic control of tobacco soil by a variety of antagonistic microorganisms was carried out. Fungal diseases have laid a foundation for theory and practice.
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.72;S476
[Abstract]:On the basis of previous studies, 16 strains of antagonistic fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, isolated from the common soil borne pathogenic fungi of tobacco, were studied on the basis of previous studies to investigate the interaction relationship between antagonistic microorganisms and their effects on tobacco agronomic traits and rhizosphere microbes. The improved plate was used by the 16 strains of antagonistic fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, which were isolated from the in situ soil of tobacco field in the tobacco field. The antagonistic strain was determined by the confrontation culture method, and the antagonistic antagonistic strain was determined. The microecological preparation was prepared by combining the antagonistic strains of the antagonistic strains with the organic excipients through two fermentation culture. The different treatments were set up in the tobacco field in Luoning County, and the microecological agents were studied for the agronomic characters and the soil microbiology of root surrounding soil at different growth stages. The results were as follows. (1) the results of the inhibition rate of antagonistic strains showed that most antagonistic microorganisms had mutual inhibition, their interaction was mainly in the competition of space sites and nutrients, and the growth of antifungal substances affected the growth of the mycelium and the inner mycelium. The antagonistic antagonistic fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes each 3. (2) antagonistic fungi T1, T2 and T3 inhibition rates are less than 50%, showing the competition of nutrition, can coordinate growth, and antagonistic actinomycetes S2, S4, S7 and antagonistic bacteria B1, B2, B3 respectively in confrontation between the antagonistic bacteria B1, B2 and B3 interaction between the performance of the basic affinity, With Antagonistic Actinomycetes S2, S4 and S7, antagonistic actinomycetes can grow normally and have strong inhibitory effect on antagonistic bacteria. Antagonistic actinomycetes, S2, S4 and S7 have little mutual inhibition and can coordinate growth. (3) the primary product of micro ecological preparation (compound bio organic fertilizer) made of two times of fermentation by antagonistic microorganisms. Good physical properties, microscopic examination of antagonistic microorganisms can be successfully colonized on it. (4) measurement of agronomic characters of tobacco field showed that adding organic manure and microecological agents can effectively increase plant height and stem circumference, increase leaf number and leaf area. (5) adding organic fertilizer and microecological agents can increase the cultivation of root surrounding soil in the harvest period of tobacco. The number of microbial colonies increased by 379.12% and 78.06%, respectively, and the number of fungi increased by 16.45% and 5.21%, respectively. The number of actinomycetes increased by 9.37% and 5.14%. used microecological agents respectively. The increase in the number of fungi in the root surrounding soil was significantly lower than that in the use of organic manure. (6) adding organic manure. The species richness and community diversity of the soil microbes were the highest, followed by the treatment with microecological preparation, and the control was the lowest. The two soil samples treated with organic fertilizer and microecological preparation were similar, and the relative content of Streptomyces and Bacillus in the two soil samples was higher than that of the control. A combination of internal screening and field investigation was used to clarify the interaction between a variety of antagonistic microorganisms. The primary products of the compound microecological preparation were developed, and the effects of the product on the agronomic characters and soil microbes in different growth stages of tobacco were discussed, and the synergistic control of tobacco soil by a variety of antagonistic microorganisms was carried out. Fungal diseases have laid a foundation for theory and practice.
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.72;S476
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