干旱胁迫下S-诱抗素对玉米生长的调控作用
发布时间：2018-07-26 15:20
【摘要】：玉米是重要的粮食及饲料作物,因有高秆、净光合效率高、C4高光效等特点,近年来已成为我国第一大粮食作物。黄淮海地区作为重要的夏播玉米种植区,在玉米生长期,常受干旱影响,严重影响夏玉米产量。S-诱抗素(简称ABA)是一种是具有重要生理活性的植物内源生长调节物质,不仅可以提高植物对干旱等逆境的抵抗能力,还能调节植物生长。但S-诱抗素对玉米抗旱影响方面的研究较少。本研究筛选了S-诱抗素对玉米拌种及喷雾合适的使用剂量,同时研究了不同干旱胁迫下S-诱抗素对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的生理生化指标的变化;盆栽条件下对玉米幼苗的光合特性、光合酶、保护酶活性及抗逆性物质含量的影响;并研究了田间施用S-诱抗素对玉米生长及产量的影响。采用沙培试验研究S-诱抗素不同浓度拌种处理对玉米种子活性及幼苗生长的影响。中度干旱下处理与未拌种相比,浓度为0.5 mg/10kg种子处理玉米种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数分别提高了25.41%、20.53%、22.44%和44.18%,玉米苗株高、主根长、根数、单株鲜重、根冠比分别增加了2.21 cm、2.30 cm、0.26条、0.15 g、0.55。重度干旱胁迫下,浓度为1.0 mg/10kg种子处理效果最好,玉米种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数分别提高了36.51%、34.38%、37.14%和103.53%,玉米苗株高、主根长、根数、单株鲜重、根冠比分别增加了2.32 cm、1.35 cm、1.09条、0.14 g、0.56。两种不同干旱程度下使用S-诱抗素拌种可以增加玉米叶片的叶绿素、可溶性糖含量,提高根系活力。采用温室土培试验研究S-诱抗素不同浓度拌种处理对玉米种子活性及幼苗生长的影响。中度干旱下处理与未拌种相比,剂量为1.2 mg/10kg种子时,玉米苗株高、主根长、胚芽鞘长、第三叶面积、地上鲜重、地下鲜重分别增加了8.9 cm、7.34 cm、0.14 cm、8.52 cm~2、0.49 g、0.33 g。CAT、POD、SOD、PEP羧化酶、Ru BP羧化酶活性分别提高了43.34%、34.65%、34.43%、72.12%、52.48%,MDA含量降低44.24%,根系活力提高了28.14%,叶绿素含量增加27.71%。重度干旱下,剂量为1.2 mg/10kg种子的效果最好,玉米苗株高、主根长、胚芽鞘长、第三叶面积、地上鲜重、地下鲜重分别增加了8.3cm、1.66 cm、0.28 cm、8.02 cm~2、0.34 g、0.11 g。CAT、POD、SOD、PEP羧化酶、RuBP羧化酶活性分别提高了50.55%、47.23%、55.18%、71.68%、50.89%,MDA含量降低42.94%,根系活力及叶绿素含量分别提高了44.86%、21.12%。研究了两种程度(中度和重度)干旱胁迫下S-诱抗素喷雾处理对玉米生理生化指标的影响。结果表明不同干旱程度下各处理株高、根长、地上鲜重、地下鲜重等生物学性状和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性等生理生化指标较对照均有提高,其中浓度为2 mg/kg~3 mg/kg浓度下效果最明显。在玉米三叶一心期使用S-诱抗素喷雾处理可促进生长,提高保护酶(CAT、POD、SOD)等活性,增加叶绿素含量,提高根系活力。研究了田间条件下,S-诱抗素喷雾处理对玉米生长情况及产量的影响。结果表明,4-5叶期喷施S-诱抗素一次(处理A),浓度为3mg/kg时,玉米果穗长、穗周长、穗行数、行粒数、千粒重、小区产量较对照提高9.05%、9.14%、9.21%、9.94%、13.26%、11.73%,果穗秃尖长下降了8.24%,效果较为明显;7-8叶期喷施S-诱抗素一次(处理B),浓度为2 mg/kg~3 mg/kg时,玉米果穗长、小区产量等指标较对照有所提高,果穗秃尖长下降较为明显;4-5叶期和7-8叶期各施药一次(处理C),浓度为3 mg/kg时,玉米果穗长、穗周长、穗行数、行粒数、千粒重、小区产量较对照提高10.73%、10.76%、14.09%、14.09%、6.38%、15.43%,果穗秃尖长下降了18.82%,较处理A、B效果更好。
[Abstract]:Maize is an important grain and feed crop. Due to its high stalk, high net photosynthetic efficiency and high light efficiency, C4 has become the largest grain crop in China in recent years. As an important summer sowing maize planting area, the Yellow Huai sea area is often affected by drought in the growing period of maize, which seriously affects the yield of summer corn,.S- lure (ABA). The important physiological activity of plant endogenous growth regulators can not only improve the resistance of plants to drought, but also regulate plant growth. However, there are few studies on the effect of S- lure on maize drought resistance. This study screened the appropriate dosage of S- inducer for maize seed mixing and spray, and studied the different drought stress. The changes in physiological and biochemical indexes of Maize Seed Germination and seedling growth were forced by S- inducer, and the effects of photosynthetic characteristics, photosynthetic enzyme, protective enzyme activity and the content of resistance substances in Maize Seedlings under the conditions of pot culture, and the effects of S- lure on the growth and yield of Maize in the field were studied. The effects of S- lure on the growth and yield of maize were studied in the field of sand culture. The effects of the concentration of seed dressing on the seed activity and the seedling growth of maize. The germination potential of maize seeds treated with 0.5 mg/10kg seeds under the moderate drought treatment, the germination rate, the germination index and the vigor index were increased by 25.41%, 20.53%, 22.44% and 44.18% respectively, the height of the root, the root number, the fresh weight of the single plant and the root and crown ratio. Do not increase the 2.21 cm, 2.30 cm, 0.26, 0.15 g, 0.55. severe drought stress, the concentration of 1 mg/10kg seed treatment is the best, corn seed germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index increased 36.51%, 34.38%, 37.14% and 103.53%, maize seedling height, root length, root number, single plant fresh weight, root shoot ratio increased 2.32 cm respectively, 1, respectively. .35 cm, 1.09, 0.14 g, 0.56. with two different drought degrees with S- inducer can increase the chlorophyll, soluble sugar content and increase the root activity of maize. The effect of seed mixing treatment with different concentration of S- inducer on the activity of maize seed and the growth of young seedlings was studied by greenhouse soil culture. When the seeds were 1.2 mg/10kg, the maize seedlings were high, the length of the main root, the length of the germ sheath, the area of the third leaf, the fresh weight on the ground, the fresh weight of the ground increased by 8.9 cm, 7.34 cm, 0.14 cm, 8.52 cm~2,0.49 g, 0.33 g.CAT, POD, SOD, PEP carboxylase, and Ru BP carboxylase activity increased by 43.34%, 34.65%, 34.43%, 72.12%, 52.48%, decreased 44.24%, root system, root system, roots decreased 44.24%, root system decreased 44.24%, root system, roots decreased 44.24%, root system, roots decreased 44.24%, root system, root system decreased 44.24%, root system, roots down 44.24%, root system, roots down 44.24%, root system, roots down 44.24%, root system, roots down 44.24%, root system, roots down 44.24%, root roots Vigor increased 28.14%, chlorophyll content increased 27.71%. severe drought, the dosage of 1.2 mg/10kg seeds was the best, maize seedlings were high, the main root length, the length of the germ sheath, the area of the third leaf, the fresh weight on the ground, the fresh weight of the ground increased by 8.3cm, 1.66 cm, 0.28 cm, 8.02 cm~ 2,0.34 g, 0.11 g.CAT, POD, SOD, PEP carboxylase, carboxylase activity of PEP carboxylase, respectively. The increase of 50.55%, 47.23%, 55.18%, 71.68%, 50.89%, MDA content decreased 42.94%, and the root activity and chlorophyll content increased by 44.86%. 21.12%. studied the effects of the S- inducer spray treatment on the physiological and biochemical indexes of Maize under the drought stress of two degrees (moderate and severe). The results showed that the treatment plants were high, root, and ground under different drought degrees. Biological characters such as fresh weight, fresh weight, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other physiological and biochemical indexes were improved. The effect was most obvious under the concentration of 2 mg/kg~3 mg/kg. The use of S- inducer spray treatment in the core period of maize Trifolium could promote growth and improve the protection. The effects of enzyme (CAT, POD, SOD) and other activities on the chlorophyll content and root activity were increased. The effect of S- induced anti vegetal spray treatment on the growth and yield of Maize under the field conditions was studied. The results showed that when S- was applied to S- (A) at the 4-5 leaf stage, the ear length, ear length, row number, grain number, 1000 grain weight, and plot yield were observed when the concentration was 3mg/kg. Compared with 9.05%, 9.14%, 9.21%, 9.94%, 13.26%, 11.73%, the length of bald tip decreased by 8.24%, and the effect was more obvious. At 7-8 leaf stage, when the S- inducer was applied (B), the concentration was 2 mg/kg~3 mg/kg, the ear length of maize was higher than that of the control, and the length of the ear bald tip decreased more obviously; the 4-5 leaf and 7-8 leaf phases were used for each application. When the concentration is 3 mg/kg, when the concentration is 3 mg/kg, the ear length of corn, the panicle length, the number of rows of ears, the number of grain and 1000 grain weight, the yield of the plot increase by 10.73%, 10.76%, 14.09%, 14.09%, 6.38%, 15.43%, and the length of the bald tip of the fruit ear drops 18.82%, and the effect is better than that of the treatment of A and B.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513
[Abstract]:Maize is an important grain and feed crop. Due to its high stalk, high net photosynthetic efficiency and high light efficiency, C4 has become the largest grain crop in China in recent years. As an important summer sowing maize planting area, the Yellow Huai sea area is often affected by drought in the growing period of maize, which seriously affects the yield of summer corn,.S- lure (ABA). The important physiological activity of plant endogenous growth regulators can not only improve the resistance of plants to drought, but also regulate plant growth. However, there are few studies on the effect of S- lure on maize drought resistance. This study screened the appropriate dosage of S- inducer for maize seed mixing and spray, and studied the different drought stress. The changes in physiological and biochemical indexes of Maize Seed Germination and seedling growth were forced by S- inducer, and the effects of photosynthetic characteristics, photosynthetic enzyme, protective enzyme activity and the content of resistance substances in Maize Seedlings under the conditions of pot culture, and the effects of S- lure on the growth and yield of Maize in the field were studied. The effects of S- lure on the growth and yield of maize were studied in the field of sand culture. The effects of the concentration of seed dressing on the seed activity and the seedling growth of maize. The germination potential of maize seeds treated with 0.5 mg/10kg seeds under the moderate drought treatment, the germination rate, the germination index and the vigor index were increased by 25.41%, 20.53%, 22.44% and 44.18% respectively, the height of the root, the root number, the fresh weight of the single plant and the root and crown ratio. Do not increase the 2.21 cm, 2.30 cm, 0.26, 0.15 g, 0.55. severe drought stress, the concentration of 1 mg/10kg seed treatment is the best, corn seed germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index increased 36.51%, 34.38%, 37.14% and 103.53%, maize seedling height, root length, root number, single plant fresh weight, root shoot ratio increased 2.32 cm respectively, 1, respectively. .35 cm, 1.09, 0.14 g, 0.56. with two different drought degrees with S- inducer can increase the chlorophyll, soluble sugar content and increase the root activity of maize. The effect of seed mixing treatment with different concentration of S- inducer on the activity of maize seed and the growth of young seedlings was studied by greenhouse soil culture. When the seeds were 1.2 mg/10kg, the maize seedlings were high, the length of the main root, the length of the germ sheath, the area of the third leaf, the fresh weight on the ground, the fresh weight of the ground increased by 8.9 cm, 7.34 cm, 0.14 cm, 8.52 cm~2,0.49 g, 0.33 g.CAT, POD, SOD, PEP carboxylase, and Ru BP carboxylase activity increased by 43.34%, 34.65%, 34.43%, 72.12%, 52.48%, decreased 44.24%, root system, root system, roots decreased 44.24%, root system decreased 44.24%, root system, roots decreased 44.24%, root system, roots decreased 44.24%, root system, root system decreased 44.24%, root system, roots down 44.24%, root system, roots down 44.24%, root system, roots down 44.24%, root system, roots down 44.24%, root system, roots down 44.24%, root roots Vigor increased 28.14%, chlorophyll content increased 27.71%. severe drought, the dosage of 1.2 mg/10kg seeds was the best, maize seedlings were high, the main root length, the length of the germ sheath, the area of the third leaf, the fresh weight on the ground, the fresh weight of the ground increased by 8.3cm, 1.66 cm, 0.28 cm, 8.02 cm~ 2,0.34 g, 0.11 g.CAT, POD, SOD, PEP carboxylase, carboxylase activity of PEP carboxylase, respectively. The increase of 50.55%, 47.23%, 55.18%, 71.68%, 50.89%, MDA content decreased 42.94%, and the root activity and chlorophyll content increased by 44.86%. 21.12%. studied the effects of the S- inducer spray treatment on the physiological and biochemical indexes of Maize under the drought stress of two degrees (moderate and severe). The results showed that the treatment plants were high, root, and ground under different drought degrees. Biological characters such as fresh weight, fresh weight, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other physiological and biochemical indexes were improved. The effect was most obvious under the concentration of 2 mg/kg~3 mg/kg. The use of S- inducer spray treatment in the core period of maize Trifolium could promote growth and improve the protection. The effects of enzyme (CAT, POD, SOD) and other activities on the chlorophyll content and root activity were increased. The effect of S- induced anti vegetal spray treatment on the growth and yield of Maize under the field conditions was studied. The results showed that when S- was applied to S- (A) at the 4-5 leaf stage, the ear length, ear length, row number, grain number, 1000 grain weight, and plot yield were observed when the concentration was 3mg/kg. Compared with 9.05%, 9.14%, 9.21%, 9.94%, 13.26%, 11.73%, the length of bald tip decreased by 8.24%, and the effect was more obvious. At 7-8 leaf stage, when the S- inducer was applied (B), the concentration was 2 mg/kg~3 mg/kg, the ear length of maize was higher than that of the control, and the length of the ear bald tip decreased more obviously; the 4-5 leaf and 7-8 leaf phases were used for each application. When the concentration is 3 mg/kg, when the concentration is 3 mg/kg, the ear length of corn, the panicle length, the number of rows of ears, the number of grain and 1000 grain weight, the yield of the plot increase by 10.73%, 10.76%, 14.09%, 14.09%, 6.38%, 15.43%, and the length of the bald tip of the fruit ear drops 18.82%, and the effect is better than that of the treatment of A and B.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 郭志刚;郭振营;;吲哚丁酸·S-诱抗素对苗期小麦生长的影响[J];安徽农业科学;2016年32期
2 李永生;方永丰;李s，
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