突发水土流失事件的应急管理及预案数字化应用研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 12:41

【摘要】：长期以来,我国水土流失事件广发、频发,极大地威胁着人民的生命和财产安全,严重地破坏了生态环境。实践表明:突发灾害事件造成的损失与灾后应急管理的及时性和有效性成反比。突发事件的应急管理作为一项复杂的系统工程,是近年来国内外的研究热点之一。事件发生的随机性、发展过程的不确定性以及应对处置过程的复杂性,给理论研究带来了巨大困难,且应急管理的模式研究H前仍处在探索中。本论文基于国家科技支撑计划和国家自然科学基金项目,对突发事件应急管理以及应急决策的基本理论、突发事件应对模式进行系统分析,针对突发水上流失事件的应急管理问题及预案数字化应用问题,开展基于综合集成平台的突发水土流失事件的应急管理模式及应急预案的数字化应用研究,探索快速、灵活、具有可操作性的应急管理模式。论文的主要研究内容包括以下几个方面:(1)建立了基于综合集成平台的面向突发性暴雨引发的水土流失灾害事件的动态应对模式。对基于应急预案的应急管理体系、应急管理机制、应急管理决策体系、应急决策知识等进行深入分析,以及剖析现有传统应急管理模式存在的问题的基础上,建立以综合集成平台为核心的应急管理框架,提出基于综合集成平台的突发水土流失事件的动态应对模式。(2)搭建了基于综合集成平台的面向突发水土流失事件的应急管理指挥调度平台。在分析现有应急管理系统存在问题的基础上,以综合集成方法论为指导,构建了面向突发水土流失事件的应急管理平台指挥调度,建立基于平台、基于组件、基于知识图及可视化工具的应急管理平台,缓解突发事件应急管理过程中灵活性差、可操作性差以及难以适应事件动态发展变化的问题。(3)针对突发事件应急预案的数字化管理和方案化应用研究。按照从应急预案到应急实施方案的思想,研究建立应急预案数字化和方案化的技术框架,提出应急预案数字化和方案化的技术方法,实现应急预案的数字化管理和方案化应用。(4)突发水土流失危机事件应急管理的应用实例展示。以新疆生产建设兵团农十三师山洪灾害事件为例,按照应急处置流程的应用模式,搭建了山洪灾害应急指挥调度平台,展开突发山洪灾害事件应急管理的实例应用。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the events of soil and water loss in our country are widespread and frequent, which greatly threaten the life and property of the people and seriously destroy the ecological environment. Practice shows that the losses caused by sudden disasters are inversely proportional to the timeliness and effectiveness of post-disaster emergency management. As a complex system engineering, emergency management of emergencies is one of the research hotspots at home and abroad in recent years. The randomness of the event, the uncertainty of the development process and the complexity of the handling process bring great difficulties to the theoretical research, and the mode of emergency management is still under exploration before the research on the mode of emergency management. Based on the National Science and Technology support Plan and the National Natural Science Foundation project, this paper systematically analyzes the basic theory of emergency management and emergency decision, and the emergency response mode. Aiming at the problems of emergency management and digitization application of sudden water loss events, the research on emergency management mode and digitized application of emergency plans of soil and water loss incidents based on integrated platform is carried out to explore quickly and flexibly. Operational emergency management model. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) A dynamic response model for soil and water loss events caused by sudden torrential rain based on integrated platform is established. Based on the analysis of emergency management system, emergency management mechanism, emergency management decision-making system, emergency decision knowledge, and the problems existing in the existing traditional emergency management mode, An emergency management framework based on integrated platform is established. The dynamic response mode of sudden soil and water loss events based on integrated platform is proposed. (2) an emergency management command and dispatch platform for soil and water loss emergencies is built based on the integrated platform. Based on the analysis of the problems existing in the existing emergency management system, and guided by the integrated methodology, the emergency management platform for soil and water loss is constructed, which is based on platform and component. The emergency management platform based on knowledge map and visual tools can alleviate the agility of emergency management. The problems of poor maneuverability and difficulty in adapting to the dynamic development of events. (3) the research of digital management and scheme application of emergency contingency plans. According to the idea from emergency plan to emergency plan, the technical framework of digitization and scheme of emergency plan is studied, and the technical method of digitization and scheme of emergency plan is put forward. To realize the digital management of emergency plan and the application of scheme. (4) the application example of emergency management of sudden soil and water loss crisis. Taking the mountain torrents disaster of the Agricultural Thirteenth Division of Xinjiang production and Construction Corps as an example, according to the application mode of emergency disposal process, the emergency command and dispatch platform of mountain torrent disaster is built, and the case application of emergency management of sudden mountain flood disaster event is carried out.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S157

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