环境因子对塔里木马鹿（Cervus elaphus yarkandensis）遗传多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-07-31 09:06

【摘要】：任何一个生物的生存和繁衍与其周边环境息息相关。遗传多样性是物种在一定生境中不断适应环境的结果。塔里木马鹿是国家Ⅱ级保护动物。近年来,随着人类对自然系统的干扰日益增加,塔里木马鹿适宜的栖息地环境不断丧失,退化和片段化,给处于濒危状态的野生塔里木马鹿的生存带来了严重的威胁。因此,本试验以线粒体DNA Cytb基因作为分子标志,首先对塔里木马的遗传多样性进行了评价,然后为了确定影响塔里木马鹿遗传多样性的主导环境因子运用SPSS19.0和生态学软件canoco4.5对生存在不同生境的塔里木马鹿和天山马鹿进行了详细的比较研究,进一步探讨塔里木马鹿遗传多样性与环境因子之间的关系,为塔里木马鹿的保护与管理提供科学性依据。结果如下:遗传多样性结果显示,成功扩增的30条塔里木马鹿mtDNA Cytb基因序列中各碱基含量分别是T 29.3%,C 27.3%,G 13.4%,A 30.1%,A+T(59.4%)含量高于C+G(40.6%)含量,表现出碱基偏差性。三个地理种群的单倍型多样度和核苷酸多样度为:沙雅种群(0.911,0.01645),且末种群(0.363,0.00501),尉犁种群(0.664,0.00852)其中最高的是沙雅种群,最低是且末种群。基因流:尉犁与且末种群之间Nm=0.72458,尉犁与沙雅种群之间Nm=5.562231,且末与沙雅种群之间Nm=0.91015。结果表明塔里木马鹿的遗传多样性处于不平衡状态。通过SPSS19.0统计学软件,对新疆塔里木马鹿和天山马鹿遗传多样性与选取的10个环境因子进行相关性分析,结果显示基于mtDNA Cytb基因遗传多样性参数与年均气温(r=-0.619,p=0.02,p0.05),海拔(r=0.783,p=0.04,p0.05),年均降水量(r=0.511,p=0.0441,p0.05),平均人口(r=-0.977,p=0.00,p0.05)呈显著相关性;基于核DNA(nDNA)遗传多样性参数与海拔(r=0.729,p=0.043,p0.05),年均降水量(r=0.568,p0.05),平均人口(r=-0.943,P=0.00,P0.01)呈显著相关性。两种分子标记得到的结果相一致。与遗传多样性参数相关性最大的4个环境因子进行回归分析,得到如下回归方程:y=2.189+1.165X1+1.432X2-0.085 X3-0.042 X4(y:马鹿遗传多样性,X1:海拔,X2:年均降水量,X 3:年均气温,X4:采样区域平均人口)海拔、年均降水量、年均气温、平均人口的标准化回归系数分别为3.586,2.245,-1.563,-0.983,因此,对塔里木马鹿和天山马鹿种群遗传多样性的影响程度为:海拔年均降水量年均气温平均人口。基于Canoco4.5生态学软件的新疆马鹿两个亚种遗传多样性与10种环境因子进行RDA分析,结果表明影响塔里木马鹿和天山马鹿遗传多样性的环境因子基本相同。蒙特卡洛检验显示,所有的环境因子不同程度的影响马鹿遗传多样性(mtDNA与nDNA),其中影响最显著的因子分别为海拔(r=0.872,F=7.84,P=0.02),降水量(r=0.7434,F=7.21,P=0.03),气温(r=-0.6375,F=6.38,P=0.035),人口(r=-0.586,F=5.22,P=0.04)。蒙特卡洛检验的结果与SPSS19.0出来的结果相一致,其中海拔是关键环境因子。经Canoco4.5软件对塔里木马鹿遗传多样性与环境因子之间的RDA分析显示:塔里木马鹿基于mtDNA和nDNA(核DNA)的遗传多样性与气温(r=0.852,F=7.45,P=0.038),降水量(r=0.612,F=6.24,P=0.052)和人口(r=-0.816,F=7.37,P=0.046)的相关性最大(p0.05)。因此,以上因子是影响塔里木马鹿遗传多样性关键的因子。对天山马鹿遗传多样性与环境因子之间的RDA分析显示基于mtDNA与nDNA基因的马鹿遗传多样性与海拔(r=0.883,F=7.36,P=0.031)和降水量(r=0.789,F=7.44,P=0.045),气温(r=-0.517,F=5.86,P=0.047)和平均人口(r=-0.780,F=7.821,P=0.048)相关性最大(p0.05)。因此,以上因子是影响天山马鹿遗传多样性的关键因子。总而言之,基于SPSS19.0和Canoco4.5软件的新疆马鹿两个亚种遗传多样性与环境因子的相关性结果可知影响马鹿两个亚种遗传多样性的环境因子基本相同,但对于生存在不同生境的马鹿种群遗传多样性来讲影响的环境因子有所不同,其中对塔里木马鹿遗传多样性影响显著的环境分别为气温,人口,降水量。
[Abstract]:The survival and reproduction of any organism is closely related to its surrounding environment. Genetic diversity is the result of the continuous adaptation of the species to the environment in a certain habitat. The Tarim deer is a national second class protected animal. In recent years, as the human disturbance to the natural system is increasing, the suitable habitat environment of the Tarim deer is lost and degraded. In this experiment, the mitochondrial DNA Cytb gene was used as a molecular marker, and the genetic diversity of the taliwood horse was evaluated, and then SPSS19.0 was used to determine the dominant environmental factors that affect the genetic diversity of the Tarim deer. A detailed comparative study was carried out with the ecological software canoco4.5 on the Tarim wapiti and Tianshan Wapiti living in different habitats. The relationship between the genetic diversity and environmental factors of the Tarim deer was further explored to provide a scientific basis for the protection and management of the Tarim deer. The results are as follows: the results of genetic diversity show that it has been successfully expanded. The contents of each base in the mtDNA Cytb gene sequence of the 30 Tarim's red deer were T 29.3%, C 27.3%, G 13.4%, A 30.1%, A+T (59.4%) content higher than C+G (40.6%), showing the base deviation. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of three geographic populations were: the Sha Ya population (0.911,0.01645), the wait population (0.363,0.00501), the captain The highest of the population (0.664,0.00852) is the Sha Ya population, the lowest is the fine population. The gene flow: the Nm=0.72458 between the Wei and the end population, the Nm=5.562231 between the Wei and the Sha Ya population, and the Nm=0.91015. results between the second and the Sha Ya population show that the genetic diversity of the Tarim deer is in the unbalanced state. By SPSS19.0 statistics software, The genetic diversity of Xinjiang's Xinjiang deer and Tianshan red deer was correlated with the selected 10 environmental factors. The results showed that the genetic diversity based on the genetic diversity of the Cytb gene and the annual average temperature (r=-0.619, p=0.02, P0.05), the altitude (r=0.783, p=0.04, P0.05), the average annual precipitation (r=0.511, p=0.0441, P0.05), the average population There was a significant correlation; the genetic diversity parameters based on nuclear DNA (nDNA) were significantly correlated with the average annual precipitation (r=0.568, P0.05), the average annual precipitation (r=0.568, P0.05), the average population (r=-0.943, P=0.00, P0.01). The results of the two molecular markers were consistent. The regression analysis of the 4 environmental factors that were the most relevant to the genetic diversity parameters were carried out. The following regression equations are obtained: y=2.189+1.165X1+1.432X2-0.085 X3-0.042 X4 (y: deer genetic diversity, X1: elevation, X2: annual precipitation, X 3: annual average temperature, X4: sampling regional average population) elevation, annual average precipitation, average annual temperature, and the average number of normalized regression lines for the average population are 3.586,2.245, -1.563, -0.983, therefore, to Tarim deer. The influence degree of genetic diversity of the population of Wapiti in Tianshan Mountain was the average annual average temperature of annual precipitation at altitudes. The genetic diversity of two subspecies of Xinjiang wapiti and 10 environmental factors based on the Canoco4.5 ecological software were analyzed by RDA. The results showed that the environmental factors affecting the genetic diversity of the Tarim deer and the Tianshan Wapiti were basically the same. The Monte Carlo test showed that all the environmental factors affected the genetic diversity of the deer (mtDNA and nDNA), and the most significant factors were the altitude (r=0.872, F=7.84, P=0.02), the precipitation (r=0.7434, F=7.21, P=0.03), the temperature (r=-0.6375, F=6.38, P=0.035), and the population (r=-0.586, P=0.03). The results of the Monte Carlo test. In accordance with the results of SPSS19.0, the altitude is the key environmental factor. The RDA analysis between the genetic diversity and environmental factors of the Tarim deer showed that the genetic diversity of the Tarim wapik was based on the genetic diversity of mtDNA and nDNA (nuclear DNA) and the temperature (r=0.852, F= 7.45, P=0.038), precipitation (r=0.612, F=6.24, P=0.052) and population. -0.816, F=7.37, P=0.046) have the greatest correlation (P0.05). Therefore, the above factors are the key factors affecting the genetic diversity of the Tarim deer. The RDA analysis of the genetic diversity between the genetic diversity and the environmental factors of the Tianshan Wapiti shows that the genetic diversity and altitude based on the mtDNA and nDNA genes (r=0.883, F=7.36, P=0.031) and precipitation (r=0.789, F=7.44) P=0.045), the temperature (r=-0.517, F=5.86, P=0.047) and the average population (r=-0.780, F=7.821, P=0.048) have the greatest correlation (P0.05). Therefore, the above factors are the key factors affecting the genetic diversity of the Tianshan Wapiti. All in all, the correlation between the genetic diversity of the two subspecies of Xinjiang wapiti based on SPSS19.0 and Canoco4.5 software can be found to be related to the environmental factors. The environmental factors that affect the genetic diversity of the two subspecies of Wapiti are basically the same, but the environmental factors that affect the genetic diversity of the population of the deer population in different habitats are different, among which the climate, human mouth and precipitation are the most significant factors affecting the genetic diversity of the Tarim deer.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S825

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