水稻非选择性阳离子通道离子转运效率的遗传多样性分析
发布时间：2018-08-02 21:40
【摘要】：在我国南方的重金属污染区域,稻米中的镉(Cd)含量在基因型间、区域间和年份间有显著的差异,根、茎、叶等营养器官中的Cd含量在基因型间也有显著差别。水稻各个器官对Cd的吸收需要经过多种途径将其转移和累积到籽粒中,非选择性阳离子通道(NSCCs)是水稻吸收转运Cd的重要途径之一。本文以多个水稻基因型为材料,对水稻非选择性阳离子通道离子转运效率的遗传多样性进行了分析,得出以下结论:1、NSCCs对水稻幼苗Cd2+的吸收转运量的贡献率在基因型间有很大的差异。营养液中加入0.2mmol/L的La Cl3,能使23个水稻基因型幼苗根系和地上部分的Cd含量显著下降,NSCCs抑制剂对低积累水稻基因型根系Cd积累的抑制效果显著高于高积累水稻基因型。说明NSCCs对高积累基因型幼苗根系Cd积累量的贡献率低于低积累基因型,但NSCCs对地上部分Cd积累量的贡献率在23个水稻基因型之间并无明显差异。2、镉胁迫环境中,离体稻穗穗轴和籽粒中的Cd积累量以及它们之间的Cd转移系数在基因型间有显著差异。穗轴和籽粒中的Cd积累量随着处理液中Cd浓度(1.0、1.5、2.0 mg/L)的增加而增长,高积累基因型和低积累基因型在穗轴中的Cd含量分别相差10.37倍、9.79倍、12.14倍;在籽粒中的Cd含量分别相差4.31倍、3.94倍和11.11倍。穗轴Cd向籽粒转运的转移系数(TF)在基因型间也有显著差异,1号(铁杆乌)、8号(三百粒)和72号(粳7623)的转运系数低且稳定,70号(IR661-1)的转运系数高而稳定。3、在镉胁迫环境中,离体叶片的失绿速率、Cd积累量和NSCCs的Cd转运率在基因型间有显著差异。在Cd浓度为0.1~1.0mg/L的溶液中胁迫5天,离体叶片中的叶绿素总量随着Cd2+浓度的增加而呈现出不同程度的下降趋势,和对照相比,低积累基因型叶绿素含量的下降幅度均高于高积累基因型。在Cd浓度为1.0~2.0mg/L的溶液中胁迫5小时,离体叶片中的Cd积累量随着溶液中Cd2+浓度的增加而增加,大部分高积累水稻基因型离体叶片的Cd积累量高于低积累基因型。NSCCs对离体叶片Cd积累量的贡献率在不同基因型间有显著差异。4、在自然环境中,土壤镉含量、生长季节、降雨量、基因型共同决定着稻米中的Cd含量,晚稻基因型的稻米Cd含量和其他元素含量都显著高于早稻基因型。水稻根系土壤Cd含量随着生长季节的变化而变化,从7月的0.13~0.19mg/kg增加到10月的0.85~1.48 mg/kg。Cd以及K、Mg、Fe和Mn在晚稻的籽粒和穗轴中的含量大大高于早稻。但晚稻籽粒中Ca和Zn含量低于早稻籽粒。许多元素在穗轴中的浓度比籽粒中高约2-10倍。低Cd积累基因型穗轴中的Cd浓度及其进入稻米的转运率都比高Cd积累基因型低。在Cd含量不同的试验点收获的水稻籽粒中,Cd与Mn含量之间具有显著关系。不同的降雨量是导致早稻和晚稻之间的表层土壤和籽粒中Cd含量变化的关键因素。
[Abstract]:In the heavy metal polluted areas of southern China, the CD (Cd) content in rice was significantly different among genotypes, regions and years, and CD content in root, stem, leaf and other vegetative organs was also significantly different among genotypes. CD uptake by various organs of rice needs to be transferred and accumulated into grain through many ways. The non-selective cationic channel (NSCCs) is one of the important ways for rice to absorb and transport CD. In this paper, the genetic diversity of ion transport efficiency of non-selective cationic channels in rice was analyzed by using several rice genotypes as materials. The following conclusions are drawn: the contribution rate of Cd2 uptake and transport to rice seedlings by 1: 1 NSCCs is significantly different among genotypes. The CD content in root and aboveground parts of 23 rice genotypes could be significantly decreased by adding 0.2mmol/L into nutrient solution. The inhibition effect of NSCCs inhibitor on CD accumulation in root system of low accumulation rice genotypes was significantly higher than that of high accumulation rice genotypes. The results showed that the contribution rate of NSCCs to CD accumulation in roots of high accumulation genotypes was lower than that of low accumulation genotypes, but the contribution rate of NSCCs to CD accumulation in aboveground parts was not significantly different among 23 rice genotypes. There were significant differences in CD accumulation in panicle axis and grain and CD transfer coefficient between them among genotypes in vitro. CD accumulation in panicle and grain increased with the increase of CD concentration (1.0 ~ (1.5) mg/L), CD content of high accumulation genotype and low accumulation genotype in panicle increased 10.37 times 9.79 times and 12.14 times, respectively. CD content in grain was 4.31 times 3.94 times and 11.11 times respectively. The translocation coefficient of CD from spike axis to grain was also significantly different among genotypes. The transport coefficients of 1 (Feilanwu), 8 (300 grains) and 72 (japonica 7623) were low and stable, and the transport coefficient of IR661-1 was high and stable. There were significant differences between genotypes in CD accumulation and CD transport rate of NSCCs in leaves in vitro. Under the stress of CD concentration of 0.1~1.0mg/L for 5 days, the total chlorophyll content in leaves decreased with the increase of Cd2 concentration, compared with the control. The decrease of chlorophyll content in low accumulation genotype was higher than that in high accumulation genotype. CD accumulation in leaves increased with the increase of Cd2 concentration in the solution with CD concentration of 1.0~2.0mg/L for 5 hours. CD accumulation in leaves of most high accumulation rice genotypes was higher than that of low accumulation genotypes. NSCCs contributed significantly to CD accumulation in isolated leaves. 4. In natural environment, CD content in soil, growing season and rainfall were significantly different between different genotypes. The CD content of late rice genotypes was significantly higher than that of early rice genotypes, and the CD content of late rice genotypes was significantly higher than that of early rice genotypes. The content of CD in root soil of rice increased from July 0.13~0.19mg/kg to 0.85 mg/kg.Cd in October, and the contents of K _ (2) MgC _ (Fe) and mn in grain and spikes of late rice were much higher than that of early rice. However, the contents of Ca and Zn in the grain of late rice were lower than those in early rice. The concentrations of many elements in spikes were about 2-10 times higher than in grains. CD concentration in the cob of low CD accumulation genotype and its transport rate into rice were lower than those in high CD accumulation genotype. There was a significant relationship between the contents of CD and mn in the grains of rice harvested at different experimental sites with different CD content. Different rainfall was the key factor to change CD content in surface soil and grain between early rice and late rice.
【学位授予单位】：天津农学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511
本文编号：2160836
[Abstract]:In the heavy metal polluted areas of southern China, the CD (Cd) content in rice was significantly different among genotypes, regions and years, and CD content in root, stem, leaf and other vegetative organs was also significantly different among genotypes. CD uptake by various organs of rice needs to be transferred and accumulated into grain through many ways. The non-selective cationic channel (NSCCs) is one of the important ways for rice to absorb and transport CD. In this paper, the genetic diversity of ion transport efficiency of non-selective cationic channels in rice was analyzed by using several rice genotypes as materials. The following conclusions are drawn: the contribution rate of Cd2 uptake and transport to rice seedlings by 1: 1 NSCCs is significantly different among genotypes. The CD content in root and aboveground parts of 23 rice genotypes could be significantly decreased by adding 0.2mmol/L into nutrient solution. The inhibition effect of NSCCs inhibitor on CD accumulation in root system of low accumulation rice genotypes was significantly higher than that of high accumulation rice genotypes. The results showed that the contribution rate of NSCCs to CD accumulation in roots of high accumulation genotypes was lower than that of low accumulation genotypes, but the contribution rate of NSCCs to CD accumulation in aboveground parts was not significantly different among 23 rice genotypes. There were significant differences in CD accumulation in panicle axis and grain and CD transfer coefficient between them among genotypes in vitro. CD accumulation in panicle and grain increased with the increase of CD concentration (1.0 ~ (1.5) mg/L), CD content of high accumulation genotype and low accumulation genotype in panicle increased 10.37 times 9.79 times and 12.14 times, respectively. CD content in grain was 4.31 times 3.94 times and 11.11 times respectively. The translocation coefficient of CD from spike axis to grain was also significantly different among genotypes. The transport coefficients of 1 (Feilanwu), 8 (300 grains) and 72 (japonica 7623) were low and stable, and the transport coefficient of IR661-1 was high and stable. There were significant differences between genotypes in CD accumulation and CD transport rate of NSCCs in leaves in vitro. Under the stress of CD concentration of 0.1~1.0mg/L for 5 days, the total chlorophyll content in leaves decreased with the increase of Cd2 concentration, compared with the control. The decrease of chlorophyll content in low accumulation genotype was higher than that in high accumulation genotype. CD accumulation in leaves increased with the increase of Cd2 concentration in the solution with CD concentration of 1.0~2.0mg/L for 5 hours. CD accumulation in leaves of most high accumulation rice genotypes was higher than that of low accumulation genotypes. NSCCs contributed significantly to CD accumulation in isolated leaves. 4. In natural environment, CD content in soil, growing season and rainfall were significantly different between different genotypes. The CD content of late rice genotypes was significantly higher than that of early rice genotypes, and the CD content of late rice genotypes was significantly higher than that of early rice genotypes. The content of CD in root soil of rice increased from July 0.13~0.19mg/kg to 0.85 mg/kg.Cd in October, and the contents of K _ (2) MgC _ (Fe) and mn in grain and spikes of late rice were much higher than that of early rice. However, the contents of Ca and Zn in the grain of late rice were lower than those in early rice. The concentrations of many elements in spikes were about 2-10 times higher than in grains. CD concentration in the cob of low CD accumulation genotype and its transport rate into rice were lower than those in high CD accumulation genotype. There was a significant relationship between the contents of CD and mn in the grains of rice harvested at different experimental sites with different CD content. Different rainfall was the key factor to change CD content in surface soil and grain between early rice and late rice.
【学位授予单位】：天津农学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 徐莜;杨益新;李文华;陈蕊;赵艳玲;唐琦;刘仲齐;;锰离子浓度及其转运通道对水稻幼苗镉吸收转运特性的影响[J];农业环境科学学报;2016年08期
2 张参俊;尹洁;张长波;王景安;刘仲齐;;非选择性阳离子通道对水稻幼苗镉吸收转运特性的影响[J];农业环境科学学报;2015年06期
3 贺慧;陈灿;郑华斌;刘建霞;姚林;黄璜;;不同基因型水稻镉吸收差异及镉对水稻的影响研究进展[J];作物研究;2014年02期
4 ;Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle Alteration in Cadmium Sensitive Rice Mutant cadB-1[J];Rice Science;2012年03期
5 王玉倩;汪晓丽;单玉华;盛海君;封克;;环境因素对小麦根系非选择性阳离子通道(NSCCs)转运钾的影响[J];植物营养与肥料学报;2010年04期
6 Sharifi Peyman;Dehghani Hamid;Mumeni Ali;Moghaddam Mohammad;;Genetic and Genotype × Environment Interaction Effects for Appearance Quality of Rice[J];Agricultural Sciences in China;2009年08期
7 ;Response of Glutathione and Glutathione S-transferase in Rice Seedlings Exposed to Cadmium Stress[J];Rice Science;2008年01期
8 冯文强;涂仕华;秦鱼生;熊洪;徐富贤;孙锡发;廖鸣兰;;水稻不同基因型对铅镉吸收能力差异的研究[J];农业环境科学学报;2008年02期
9 刘胜浩;刘晨临;黄晓航;柴迎梅;丛柏林;;植物细胞的非选择性阳离子通道[J];植物生理学通讯;2006年03期
10 蒋小红;喻文熙;江家华;曹卫承;董成;;污染土壤的物理/化学修复[J];环境污染与防治;2006年03期
，本文编号：2160836
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shoufeilunwen/zaizhiyanjiusheng/2160836.html
