不同物理形态的开食料对犊牛生长发育、瘤胃发酵及血液指标的影响

发布时间：2018-08-05 17:18

【摘要】：(目的)本文旨在饲喂不同物理形态的开食料,在湿热条件下,探究其对犊牛生长发育、瘤胃发酵指标以及血液生化指标的影响。(方法)试验采用36头荷斯坦母犊牛,随机分为3组。分别自由采食颗粒状开食料(PSA;n=12)、粉末状开食料(PSB;n=12)和多颗粒状开食料(TS;n=12)。试验期63天,其中1-42天为正常饲喂牛奶时期;43-49天为减奶时期;50-63天为断奶后饲喂期。在第0、42、49以及63日龄晨饲前进行采血和称重,第49和63日龄晨饲前胃管法采集瘤胃液。试验期间每天记录采食量和温湿度指数。(结果)试验结果表明在湿热环境下:1)减奶期和断奶后2周TS组开食料干物质采食量、日增重和重料比高于PSA和PSB组,PSB组最低(P0.05)。2)TS组犊牛初始反刍日龄较PSA组提前3.8天,较PSB组提前4.7天(P0.05)。63日龄时,TS组瘤胃液氨氮浓度显著低于PSA组(P0.05)。3)42日龄时PSA组犊牛血清IgG含量显著高于TS组(P0.05)。4)PSA和TS组犊牛初始腹泻日龄较PSB约晚2天,TS组腹泻率最低。试验使用12头公犊随机分到3个处理组中,利用点收粪法,用iNDF和盐酸不溶性灰分作为内源性指示剂测定消化率,结果表明多颗粒饲料组的犊牛对饲料干物质和粗蛋白的消化率最低,可能是因为多颗粒饲料中完整颗粒的燕麦以及大颗粒的高硬度玉米导致的。(结论)多颗粒饲料较颗粒饲料和粉料更能促进犊牛的生长发育。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the effects of different physical forms of raw food on growth and development of calves, rumen fermentation index and blood biochemical index under the condition of damp and heat. (methods) 36 Holstein calves were randomly divided into 3 groups. They were fed with granular (PSAN), powdered (PSB) and polygranular (TSN) respectively. The experiment period was 63 days, of which 1-42 days was the normal feeding period, 43-49 days was the reduced milk period and 50-63 days was the post-weaning feeding period. The blood was collected and weighed before morning feeding on the 0th and 63rd day, and the rumen fluid was collected by the stomach tube method before the 42d and 63rd days. Daily feed intake and temperature and humidity index were recorded during the experiment. (results) the results showed that the initial ruminant age of TS group was 3.8 days earlier than that of PSA group, and the daily gain and feed weight ratio of TS group were higher than that of PSA and PSB group (P 0.05) in the weaning period and 2 weeks after weaning, the results showed that the initial ruminant age of TS group was 3.8 days earlier than that of PSA group. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid in TS group was significantly lower than that in PSA group (P0.05) at 42 days (P0.05) days earlier than that in PSB group 4.7 days (P0.05) .63 days earlier than that in TS group (P0.05). The serum IgG content in PSA group was significantly higher than that in TS group (P0.05) 4 days earlier than that in TS group (P0.05) and that in TS group was about 2 days later than that in PSB group. Twelve male calves were randomly divided into three treatment groups. The digestibility was determined by using iNDF and hydrochloric acid insoluble ash as endogenous indicators. The results showed that the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein was the lowest in the multi-pellet feed group, which may be caused by the complete oats in the multi-pellet feed and the high-hardness corn in the large grain diet. Conclusion Multi-pellet feed can promote the growth and development of calves more than pellet feed and powder.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S823.5

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