重庆市不同地貌区家庭农场耕地“非粮化”利用研究

发布时间：2018-08-07 15:52

【摘要】：随着土地流转的发展,家庭农场这一新型经营主体已成为现代农业经营的重要模式,并在其中发挥着重要作用。家庭农场在最近四年来受到国家高度重视,各地发展迅速,是未来耕地资源利用的主体,耕地又是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础,因此,家庭农场的耕地利用决策对耕地质量以及粮食安全都将产生一定的影响。基于不同地貌区对家庭农场的耕地利用特征进行研究,既是耕地质量保护和管理的重要手段,也能针对不同地貌区调整耕地利用行为和策略提供重要借鉴,为促进耕地资源的合理利用提供科学依据。因此,进行家庭农场耕地利用研究,尤其是探讨不同地貌区家庭农场耕地“非粮化”利用的影响因素,对农业经济发展、粮食安全甚至整个社会的可持续健康发展具有重要的意义。本文以重庆市荣昌区和綦江区为例,研究不同地貌区家庭农场耕地“非粮化”利用特征,探讨背后的主要影响因素。重庆地貌特征明显,以山地丘陵为主,本研究以荣昌丘陵区、綦江中低山区为研究区,运用问卷调查法、统计分析法和二元Logistic回归分析。首先,对样本家庭农场耕地利用特征进行统计分析,然后,重点分析不同地貌区家庭农场耕地“非粮化”利用的影响因素。最后,讨论实现家庭农场耕地合理利用、保障粮食安全的对策和建议。通过对荣昌丘陵区、綦江中低山区家庭农场的实地调查,获取有效问卷131份,问卷有效率为93.57%。根据以往研究成果,并考虑到研究区域的特殊性和研究的可行性,本研究最终选取家庭农场自身特征、资源禀赋、经济因素、政策因素四个方面的特征变量作为探讨家庭农场耕地“非粮化”利用的影响因素。其中家庭农场自身特征包括农场主年龄、农场主受教育程度、农场主从业经历、长期劳动力数量4个指标;资源禀赋包括家庭农场经营耕地面积、地貌特征2个指标;经济因素包括耕地年流转租金、年销售农产品总值、农业生产投入、人力投入4个指标;政策因素包括获得扶持资金、贷款资金、耕地流转年限、耕地流转方式4个指标。本研究利用SPSS20.0对研究区域家庭农场耕地“非粮化”利用进行描述性统计分析,为探讨不同地貌区家庭农场耕地“非粮化”利用影响因素,建立了相应的二元Logistic回归模型进行分析,并提出了相关对策建议。研究的主要结论有:(1)荣昌丘陵区和綦江中低山区的家庭农场都存在较高程度的“非粮化”现象,“非粮化”经营比例分别达到82.09%和90.06%,可见,中低山区家庭农场“非粮化”现象更为突出。(2)不同地貌区家庭农场耕地利用存在明显差别。在其他因素一定的状况下,主要考虑地形因素造成綦江区家庭农场经营规模要小于荣昌区,农机化投入成本、人力成本、土地成本等要高于荣昌区。(3)重庆市家庭农场耕地利用不合理现象突显。在所有调查样本中,有42.75%的家庭农场耕地用于从事种植业,这里还包括了种植果树、苗木等,有57.25%的家庭农场将耕地用于畜牧养殖业等。(4)分析131个有效样本,发现影响家庭农场耕地“非粮化”利用的主要因素有:农场主受教育程度、地貌特征、年销售农产品总值、农业生产投入。农场主受教育程度、年销售农产品总值和农业生产投入与家庭农场耕地的“非粮化”利用呈正相关,而且,中低山区家庭农场比丘陵区家庭农场更倾向“非粮化”利用。(5)分析荣昌丘陵区67个有效样本,发现影响家庭农场耕地“非粮化”利用的主要因素有:农场主受教育程度、年销售农产品总值、农业生产投入、耕地年流转租金。农场主受教育程度、年销售农产品总值和农业生产投入与家庭农场耕地的“非粮化”利用呈正相关,与总样本的分析结果保持一致。不同的是,耕地年流转租金也是丘陵区家庭农场耕地“非粮化”利用的主要影响因素,耕地年流转租金越高,越倾向“非粮化”利用。(6)分析綦江中低山区64个有效样本,发现影响家庭农场耕地“非粮化”利用的主要因素有:农场主受教育程度、年销售农产品总值、农业生产投入、长期劳动力数量、人力投入。农场主受教育程度、年销售农产品总值和农业生产投入与家庭农场耕地的“非粮化”利用呈正相关,与总样本的分析结果保持一致。不同的是,长期劳动力数量、人力投入也是中低山区家庭农场耕地“非粮化”利用的主要影响因素,长期劳动力数量、人力投入越多,耕地越倾向“非粮化”利用。针对不同地貌区家庭农场耕地“非粮化”利用趋势,建议建立新型鼓励粮食生产基金,引导农场主经营粮食作物;推进种粮农业保险,解除家庭农场的后顾之忧;加强耕地用途管制;规范土地流转市场,引导流转价格合理化;加强对家庭农场主的培训引导。
[Abstract]:With the development of land circulation, family farm, a new management subject, has become an important mode of modern agricultural management, and plays an important role in it. Family farm has been highly valued by the country in the last four years. It has developed rapidly in all parts of the country. It is the main body of the utilization of cultivated land in the future, and the cultivated land is the object of human survival and development. Therefore, the decision-making of farmland utilization in family farms will have a certain influence on the quality of cultivated land and the security of grain. Based on the characteristics of the cultivated land use of family farms in different geomorphologic areas, it is an important means to protect and manage the quality of cultivated land. In order to promote the rational utilization of cultivated land resources, we should provide scientific basis for the rational utilization of cultivated land resources. Therefore, the study of farmland utilization in family farms, especially the influence factors of "non grain" utilization of cultivated land in family farms in different geomorphologic areas, is of great significance to the development of agricultural economy, food security and even the sustainable and healthy development of the society. Taking Rongchang district and Qijiang District of Chongqing as an example, the characteristics of "non grain" utilization of cultivated land in family farms in different geomorphologic areas are studied, and the main influencing factors are discussed. The landform characteristics of Chongqing are obvious, mainly in the hills and hills. This study takes Rongchang hilly area and the middle and low mountain areas of Qijiang as the research area, using questionnaire, statistical analysis and two yuan Logist IC regression analysis. First, the characteristics of the cultivated land use in the sample family farm are statistically analyzed. Then, the influence factors of "non grain" utilization of cultivated land in family farms in different landforms are analyzed. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions for the rational utilization of cultivated land in the family farm and the guarantee of food security are discussed. Through the Rongchang hilly area, the middle and low mountain areas in Qijiang. In the field of family farm, 131 valid questionnaires were obtained. The efficiency of the questionnaire was 93.57%. based on the previous research results, and the particularity of the study area and the feasibility of the research were taken into account. The study finally chose the characteristics of the family farm itself, resource endowment, economic factor and policy factor as the study of family farm ploughing. The family farm has its own characteristics including the farmer's age, the farmer's education, the farmer's experience, the long term labor force, and the 4 indexes of the long-term labor force; the resource endowment includes the cultivated land area of the family farm and the geomorphic characteristics of 2 indexes; the economic factors include the annual rent of the cultivated land and the annual sales of agricultural production. Total product value, agricultural production input, manpower input 4 indicators, policy factors including obtaining support funds, loan funds, cultivated land transfer years, farmland transfer mode of 4 indicators. This study used SPSS20.0 to study regional family farm farmland "non grain" utilization of descriptive statistical analysis, in order to explore different landform area family farm land. "Non grain" use of the influence factors, established the corresponding two yuan Logistic regression model, and put forward the relevant countermeasures and suggestions. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the family farms in the hilly area of Rongchang and the middle and low mountain areas of Qijiang all have a high degree of "non grain" appearance, and the proportion of "non grain" management is 82.09% and 90, respectively. 6%, it can be seen that the "non grain" phenomenon of family farms in middle and low mountain areas is more prominent. (2) there are obvious differences in cultivated land use of family farms in different geomorphologic areas. Under the condition of other factors, the main consideration of terrain factors is that the scale of household farm operation in Qijiang district is less than that of Rongchang District, the cost of agricultural mechanization, manpower cost, land cost and so on. Higher than the Rongchang area. (3) the irrational use of cultivated land in Chongqing family farm shows the unreasonable phenomenon. In all the survey samples, 42.75% of the family farm land is used for planting, here also includes planting fruit trees, seedlings and so on, 57.25% of family farms use cultivated land for livestock farming. (4) analysis of 131 effective samples, found to affect family farmers. The main factors of "non grain" utilization of field cultivated land are: Farmers' education level, geomorphic characteristics, annual sales of agricultural products, agricultural production input, farmers' education, the annual sales of agricultural products and agricultural production input are positively related to the "non grain" benefit of farmland in the family farm, and the family farms in the middle and low mountain areas are more than the hills. The family farm in the district is more inclined to "non grain" utilization. (5) analysis of 67 effective samples in Rongchang hilly area, and found that the main factors affecting the "non grain" utilization of the cultivated land in the family farm are the main factors of the farmers' education, the annual sales of agricultural products, the input of agricultural production, the annual rents of cultivated land, the farmer's education, and the annual sales of agricultural products. And the agricultural production input is positively related to the "non grain" utilization of the cultivated land in the family farm, which is consistent with the analysis results of the total sample. The annual rent of the cultivated land is also the main influence factor of the "non grain" utilization of the cultivated land in the hilly area. The higher the rents of the cultivated land, the more inclined to use the "non grain". (6) analysis of the utilization of the farmland. 64 effective samples in the middle and low mountain areas of Qijiang found that the main factors affecting the "non grain" utilization of farmland in the family farm were the degree of farmers' education, the annual sales of agricultural products, the input of agricultural production, the long-term labor force, the manpower input, the education degree of the farmers, the annual sales of agricultural products and the agricultural production input and family farm ploughing. The "non grain" utilization of the land is positively correlated with the results of the analysis of the total sample. It is different that the number of long-term labor force is the main influence factor of the "non grain" utilization of the farm cultivated land in the middle and low mountain areas, the longer the quantity of labor force, the more human investment, the more the farmland is inclined to use the "non grain". The trend of "non grain" utilization of cultivated land in the family farm is suggested. It is suggested to establish a new grain production fund to encourage farmers to operate grain crops, to promote grain agricultural insurance, to relieve the worries of family farms, to strengthen the control of the use of cultivated land, to standardize the land circulation market, to lead the flow to rationalization of the price, and to strengthen the training of family farmers. Guide.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.211

【参考文献】