花期管理对费约果不同品种生长发育的影响研究
发布时间：2018-08-10 18:25
【摘要】：本试验针对从新西兰引进的费约果品种在栽培过程中果实偏小、产量偏低等问题,采用田间测定与实验室测试相结合的方法研究常规栽培条件下费约果不同品种的生长发育特性、费约果主要传粉媒介及其传粉规律,采用不同花粉授粉及植物生长调节剂处理对费约果果实产量和品质的影响,筛选出适宜绵阳地区的品种及适宜的技术和授粉处理组合。1、Unique的枝条柔软,树形为典型的披垂形,自花可结实,具有开花数多、坐果数,其相对与另外几个品种较高,虽果实小,但单株产量比其他品种高,达到8.14kg,早熟,还具有果皮薄、可食率高、可溶性固形物较高(达到12.66%)、可溶性糖含量高(14.93mg/g),可滴定酸含量低(0.33mg/g)、糖酸比高(47.30)、味道甜,香味浓郁、品质高等特点。所以Unique是果实内、外品质及综合性状皆优的品种。Coolidge具有坐果率高(是坐果率较低Triumph的1.61倍)、果实单重(25.67g)、单株产量为5.96kg(仅次于Unique),此外Coolidge的可溶性固形物含量也较高,能达到12.60%。因此Unique和Coolidge是较适合在绵阳地区生长的费约果品种。2、我国费约果的主要传粉媒介为蜜蜂、鸟类、甲虫及少量的蚂蚁和苍蝇等。其中按观察到的访花次数来看,其排序为:蜜蜂蚂蚁鸟类蝇类甲虫,就蜜蜂的访花记录可以得出,蜂箱离费约果的距离越近,蜜蜂的访花频率越频繁。蜜蜂的访花时间主要集中在8:00-13:00之间,蜜蜂每天的访问次数与距离蜂箱的位置有关,蜜蜂在盛花期访花最活跃。3、不同费约果品种需要不同品种花粉授粉改善果实产量和品质的效果不同。其中OpalStar作为父本与Unique授粉:果实单果重59.22g(约为对照的2倍),单株产量7.11kg为对照的2.5倍,可食率能达到55.53%是对照的1.43倍,可溶性固形物仅次于Coolidge(46.76%)。Coolidge作为父本与Unique授粉:可食率为46.76%,次于以OpalStar作为父本的授粉组合,是对照的1.2倍;可溶性固形物高达15.5%,可溶性糖含量为12.85mg/g,糖酸比较高。以OpalStar作为父本与Coolidge授粉:OpalStar纵径约为57.30mm,横径(45.31mm)显著性大于其它授粉处理,果肉多,可溶性固形物高13.9%,可溶性糖含量11.93mg/g等指标均高于对照,是较适合的授粉组合。Unique为父本与Coolidge授粉:单株产量达5kg以上,坐果率比对照提高了25.00%,可溶性固形物是对照的1.15倍。总体上看,OpalStar作为父本与Unique和Coolidge授粉,坐果率不高,但单果重量大,其单株产量就高,且果实品质较佳,此外,Unique和Coolidge正反交组合在提高费约果结实率及改善果实品质具有一定促进作用。4、植物生长调节剂处理后,费约果的坐果率、单果重及产量与对照相比均有所增加。坐果率、单果重和单株产量的规律表现为:植物生长调节剂混合CPPUGA3CK。植物生长调节剂喷施2次的效果优于1次,对单果重和单株产量两个指标影响显著,施用2次10mg/LCPPU费约果单果重达到施用一次的1.60倍。施用两次20mg/LGA3能显著提高单株产量达到12.08kg,是一次施用的1.63倍。GA3与CPPU混合喷施的效果不错,10mg/LCPPU、10mg/L的GA3能显著性提高果实坐果率和单果重以及产量方面。除2次50mg/LGA3的果皮厚度比对照厚以外,其余均有所降低,其中效果与对照明显的有高浓度的20mg/LCPPU和低浓度的20mg/LGA3,由此可见,植物生长调节剂可以抑制富含石细胞的费约果果皮加厚。合适浓度CPPU处理能增加果重、提高产量。高浓度CPPU处理虽能增加果实重量,但风味和营养品质均下降。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the problems of small fruit and low yield in the cultivation process of Feijor fruit introduced from New Zealand, the growth and development characteristics of different Feijor fruit cultivars under conventional cultivation conditions were studied by combining field and laboratory tests. The main pollinators and their pollination laws of Feijor fruit cultivars were studied by using different pollen methods. 1. Unique has a soft branch, a typical drooping shape, self-flowering fruit, a large number of blossoms and fruits, relatively higher than other varieties, although the fruit is small, but the shape of the tree is a typical drooping shape. The yield per plant was 8.14kg higher than that of other varieties, early maturing, thin pericarp, high edible rate, high soluble solids content (12.66%), high soluble sugar content (14.93mg/g), low titratable acid content (0.33mg/g), high sugar-acid ratio (47.30), sweet taste, rich aroma and high quality. Coolidge has high fruit setting rate (1.61 times as low as Triumph), single fruit weight (25.67 g), yield of 5.96 kg per plant (second only to Unique), and soluble solids content of Coolidge is also high, up to 12.60%. Therefore, Unique and Coolidge are suitable for growing in Mianyang area. The main pollinators are bees, birds, beetles and a small number of ants and flies. According to the observed visits, the order is bees, ants, birds, flies and beetles. Between 00 and 13:00, the number of visits per day was related to the distance from the hive. The most active visits were during the flowering period. 3. Different Feijor fruit varieties needed different varieties of pollen to improve the fruit yield and quality. OpalStar as male parent and Unique pollinated: the fruit weight was 59.22 g (about twice the control), and the fruit yield per plant was different. The edible rate was 2.5 times higher than that of the control at 7.11 kg, 55.53% of which was 1.43 times higher than that of the control, and the soluble solids were only next to that of Coolidge (46.76%). OpalStar as the male parent and Coolidge pollination: OpalStar vertical diameter about 57.30 mm, transverse diameter (45.31 mm) significantly greater than other pollination treatments, flesh more, soluble solids 13.9%, soluble sugar content 11.93 mg/g and other indicators are higher than the control, is a more suitable pollination combination. Unique as the male parent and Coolidge pollination: the yield per plant up to 5 kg Overall, OpalStar, as a male parent, pollinated with Unique and Coolidge, had a low fruit setting rate, but the weight of a single fruit was large, the yield per plant was higher, and the fruit quality was better. In addition, the combination of Unique and Coolidge increased the fruit setting rate and improved the fruit quality. 4. After treatment with plant growth regulator, the fruit setting rate, single fruit weight and yield of Feijoo fruit were all increased compared with the control. The fruit setting rate, single fruit weight and yield of each plant were shown as follows: CPPUGA3CK was mixed with plant growth regulator. The effect of spraying twice with plant growth regulator was better than that of once, and the effect of spraying twice with plant growth regulator on single fruit weight and single plant was better. The effect of two indexes on yield was significant. The application of 10mg/LCPPU twice could increase the yield of single fruit by 1.60 times. The application of 20mg/LGA3 twice could significantly increase the yield of single plant by 12.08kg, which was 1.63 times as much as that of single application. The effect of GA3 combined with CPPU was good. The effect of 10mg/LCPPU, 10mg/L GA3 could significantly increase the fruit setting rate and single fruit weight. The results showed that plant growth regulators could inhibit the peel thickening of the fruit rich in stone cells. The proper concentration of CPPU could increase the fruit weight and yield. High concentration of CPPU treatment increased fruit weight but decreased flavor and nutritional quality.
【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S667.9
本文编号：2175826
[Abstract]:Aiming at the problems of small fruit and low yield in the cultivation process of Feijor fruit introduced from New Zealand, the growth and development characteristics of different Feijor fruit cultivars under conventional cultivation conditions were studied by combining field and laboratory tests. The main pollinators and their pollination laws of Feijor fruit cultivars were studied by using different pollen methods. 1. Unique has a soft branch, a typical drooping shape, self-flowering fruit, a large number of blossoms and fruits, relatively higher than other varieties, although the fruit is small, but the shape of the tree is a typical drooping shape. The yield per plant was 8.14kg higher than that of other varieties, early maturing, thin pericarp, high edible rate, high soluble solids content (12.66%), high soluble sugar content (14.93mg/g), low titratable acid content (0.33mg/g), high sugar-acid ratio (47.30), sweet taste, rich aroma and high quality. Coolidge has high fruit setting rate (1.61 times as low as Triumph), single fruit weight (25.67 g), yield of 5.96 kg per plant (second only to Unique), and soluble solids content of Coolidge is also high, up to 12.60%. Therefore, Unique and Coolidge are suitable for growing in Mianyang area. The main pollinators are bees, birds, beetles and a small number of ants and flies. According to the observed visits, the order is bees, ants, birds, flies and beetles. Between 00 and 13:00, the number of visits per day was related to the distance from the hive. The most active visits were during the flowering period. 3. Different Feijor fruit varieties needed different varieties of pollen to improve the fruit yield and quality. OpalStar as male parent and Unique pollinated: the fruit weight was 59.22 g (about twice the control), and the fruit yield per plant was different. The edible rate was 2.5 times higher than that of the control at 7.11 kg, 55.53% of which was 1.43 times higher than that of the control, and the soluble solids were only next to that of Coolidge (46.76%). OpalStar as the male parent and Coolidge pollination: OpalStar vertical diameter about 57.30 mm, transverse diameter (45.31 mm) significantly greater than other pollination treatments, flesh more, soluble solids 13.9%, soluble sugar content 11.93 mg/g and other indicators are higher than the control, is a more suitable pollination combination. Unique as the male parent and Coolidge pollination: the yield per plant up to 5 kg Overall, OpalStar, as a male parent, pollinated with Unique and Coolidge, had a low fruit setting rate, but the weight of a single fruit was large, the yield per plant was higher, and the fruit quality was better. In addition, the combination of Unique and Coolidge increased the fruit setting rate and improved the fruit quality. 4. After treatment with plant growth regulator, the fruit setting rate, single fruit weight and yield of Feijoo fruit were all increased compared with the control. The fruit setting rate, single fruit weight and yield of each plant were shown as follows: CPPUGA3CK was mixed with plant growth regulator. The effect of spraying twice with plant growth regulator was better than that of once, and the effect of spraying twice with plant growth regulator on single fruit weight and single plant was better. The effect of two indexes on yield was significant. The application of 10mg/LCPPU twice could increase the yield of single fruit by 1.60 times. The application of 20mg/LGA3 twice could significantly increase the yield of single plant by 12.08kg, which was 1.63 times as much as that of single application. The effect of GA3 combined with CPPU was good. The effect of 10mg/LCPPU, 10mg/L GA3 could significantly increase the fruit setting rate and single fruit weight. The results showed that plant growth regulators could inhibit the peel thickening of the fruit rich in stone cells. The proper concentration of CPPU could increase the fruit weight and yield. High concentration of CPPU treatment increased fruit weight but decreased flavor and nutritional quality.
【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S667.9
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