南酸枣配方施肥技术及氮磷钾元素含量年动态规律研究

发布时间：2018-08-12 20:40

【摘要】：南酸枣是重要的乡土树种,其生长速度快,材质好,用途广,果实还可药用,适合作为造林绿化先锋树种。本文以半年生与一年生南酸枣实生苗为试验材料,研究了单施氮、磷肥及氮、磷、钾配比施肥对半年生南酸枣盆栽幼苗生长的影响,幼苗叶片中氮、磷、钾元素年周期内动态变化规律;配方施肥对两年生南酸枣幼林生长的影响,幼树叶片与枝条内氮、磷、钾元素年周期内动态变化规律,结果表明:(1)单施氮肥处理下,南酸枣幼苗随着氮肥浓度的增加,幼苗的生长量与生物量逐渐增大,但是当氮肥浓度超过一定量时,幼苗的生长量与生物量开始降低,其中苗高、地径与单株生物量在尿素施用量为10g/盆时达到最大值,分别为120.0cm、1.07cm与26g,同时幼苗的生长旺盛期出现在8月份。幼苗叶片中的氮、磷、钾元素含量随着季节的变化氮元素一直呈下降趋势,磷、钾元素呈先上升后下降趋势。对幼苗苗高、地径与叶片中氮、磷、钾元素含量进行相关性分析可知,磷元素对幼苗苗高、地径生长发育有极显著作用,氮、钾元素对幼苗苗高生长发育有显著作用。(2)单施磷肥处理下,南酸枣盆栽幼苗随着磷肥浓度的增加,幼苗的生长量与生物量逐渐增大,但当磷肥浓度超过一定量时,幼苗的生长量与生物量反而降低,其中苗高、地径与单株生物量在钙镁磷肥施用量为50g/盆时达到最大值,分别为123.1cm、1.12cm与27.9g,同时幼苗的生长旺盛期出现在8月份。幼苗叶片中的氮、磷、钾元素含量随着季节的变化氮元素一直呈下降趋势,磷、钾元素呈先上升后下降趋势。对幼苗苗高、地径与叶片中氮、磷、钾元素含量进行相关性分析可知,氮元素对幼苗苗高、地径生长发育有极显著作用,磷元素对幼苗地径生长发育有显著作用。(3)不同配比施肥试验结果表明:配比施肥比单施氮肥、磷肥更能促进南酸枣盆栽幼苗的生长发育。其中苗高、地径与单株生物量在每盆施用尿素10g、钙镁磷肥30g、硫酸钾肥15g时达到最大值,分别为141.5cm、1.33cm与55.3g,同时幼苗的生长旺盛期出现在8月份。幼苗叶片中的氮、磷、钾元素含量随着季节的变化氮元素一直呈下降趋势,磷、钾元素呈先上升后下降趋势。对幼苗苗高、地径与叶片中氮、磷、钾元素含量进行相关性分析可知,氮元素对幼苗苗高生长发育有极显著作用,磷元素对幼苗苗高生长发育有显著作用,氮、钾元素对幼苗地径生长发育有显著作用。(4)根据南酸枣两年生幼龄林配方施肥结果表明:处理12即南酸枣幼林期每株施放2.0kg有机肥为树高与胸径生长量最大值,与对照相比其胸径生长量提高了 33.78%,树高生长量提高了 30.34%。随着季节的变化幼林叶片中的氮、磷、钾元素一直呈下降趋势;枝条内氮、钾元素呈下降趋势。磷元素呈先上升后下降趋势。对幼树树高、胸径与叶片内氮、磷、钾元素含量进行相关性分析可知,氮、钾元素对幼树树高生长发育有极显著作用,磷元素对幼树树高生长发育有显著作用,氮、钾元素对幼树胸径生长发育有显著作用。对幼树树高、胸径与枝条内氮、磷、钾元素含量进行相关性分析可知,氮、钾元素对幼树树高、胸径生长发育有显著作用。
[Abstract]:Nan Suanzao jujube is an important native tree species with fast growth speed, good material quality, wide use and medicinal fruit. It is suitable for forestation and greening. In this paper, the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization on the growth of half-year-old Nan Suanzao jujube seedlings were studied. The dynamic changes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves during the annual cycle, the effects of formula fertilization on the growth of two-year-old jujube seedlings, and the dynamic changes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in young leaves and branches during the annual cycle were studied. The results showed that: (1) With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer concentration, the growth and biomass of jujube seedlings increased gradually. The seedling height, ground diameter and biomass per plant reached the maximum values of 120.0 cm, 1.07 cm and 26 g respectively when the urea application rate was 10 g / pot, and the seedling growth peak appeared in August. The correlation analysis between seedling height, ground diameter and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves showed that phosphorus played a very significant role in seedling height, ground diameter growth and development, and nitrogen and potassium played a significant role in seedling height growth and development. The growth and biomass of potted jujube seedlings increased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer concentration, but decreased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer concentration. The seedling height, ground diameter and biomass per plant reached the maximum values of 123.1 cm and 1.1 cm, respectively, when the phosphorus fertilizer concentration exceeded a certain level. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves of seedlings decreased with the season. The contents of phosphorus and potassium increased first and then decreased. The correlation analysis between seedling height, ground diameter and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves showed that nitrogen had a significant effect on the seedlings. The results of different fertilization ratios showed that phosphate fertilizer could promote the growth and development of potted jujube seedlings better than nitrogen fertilizer alone. The seedling height, ground diameter and biomass per plant were 10 g urea, 30 g calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per pot. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in seedling leaves decreased with the season, and the content of phosphorus and potassium increased first and then decreased. For seedling height, ground diameter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium decreased. Correlation analysis showed that nitrogen had a very significant effect on seedling height growth and development, phosphorus had a significant effect on seedling height growth and development, nitrogen and potassium had a significant effect on seedling diameter growth and development. (4) According to the formula fertilization of two-year-old jujube plantation, the results showed that treatment 12 was applied to each plant of jujube plantation. 2.0 kg organic fertilizer was the maximum value of tree height and DBH growth, which increased by 33.78% and 30.34% compared with the control. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves of young trees decreased with the season; the nitrogen and potassium in the branches decreased; the phosphorus increased first and then decreased. Correlation analysis of height, DBH and contents of N, P and K in leaves showed that N and K had significant effects on height growth and development of young trees, P had significant effects on height growth and development of young trees, N and K had significant effects on DBH growth and development of young trees. Correlation analysis showed that nitrogen and potassium had significant effects on the height and DBH growth of young trees.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S665.1
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本文编号：2180302