盐碱胁迫对不同种源酸枣生长发育特性的影响及评价

发布时间：2018-08-22 09:59

【摘要】：土壤盐碱化严重影响新疆枣产业的发展,酸枣作为枣的砧木,耐盐碱能力的强弱直接影响枣树的生长发育。本试验以陕西、山西、河北、辽宁四个种源地酸枣幼苗为试验材料,通过对不同种源地酸枣幼苗在不同浓度盐胁迫、碱胁迫和盐碱混合胁迫下的株高、茎粗、生物量等生长指标,叶片丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性总糖等生理指标和叶片光合参数的测定,利用隶属函数法综合分析不同种源地酸枣幼苗耐盐碱能力差异,探索其耐盐碱环境的生理机制,为耐盐碱酸枣砧木的筛选提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:(1)在盐胁迫、碱胁迫和盐碱协同胁迫下,随着浓度的增加,各种源地酸枣的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均逐渐下降,相对盐害率逐渐升高。陕西、河北和辽宁酸枣的耐盐碱极限浓度是0.9%,而山西酸枣是0.6%。通过综合分析四个种源地酸枣发芽的耐盐碱能力,盐胁迫和盐碱胁迫均为:陕西河北辽宁山西,碱胁迫:辽宁河北陕西山西。(2)酸枣苗期生长阶段,不同浓度的三种处理均对酸枣的株高、茎粗、根、茎及总生物量产生抑制作用,并随着种源地及胁迫浓度的差异而变化。盐胁迫下,0.3%浓度对各种源地酸枣的株高和茎粗与CK无显著性差异,而0.6%~0.9%浓度株高和茎粗相比CK差异显著,在0.3%浓度下河北种源地酸枣的株高、茎粗和总生物量较大,分别为100.2cm,7.93mm,56.68g/株。在0.3%浓度碱胁迫下,山西酸枣株高最高为78.24cm,河北酸枣茎粗和总生物量有最大值为6.61mm、39.89 g/株。在0.3%浓度盐碱胁迫下,山西酸枣株高最高为79.89cm,河北酸枣茎粗和总生物量有最大值为7.10mm、40.16g/株。盐胁迫、碱胁迫和盐碱协同胁迫对各种源地酸枣的地上部分的抑制作用大于地下部分。总体而言,碱胁迫对酸枣苗期的生长的抑制作用最大。(3)在盐、碱及盐碱胁迫下,不同种源地酸枣随着胁迫时间的延长和盐碱浓度的升高,叶片中的丙二醛含量、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量呈逐渐升高趋势,而可溶性总糖和有机酸含量呈先下降后上升的趋势;随着胁迫浓度的增加,前期各渗透调节物质浓度间差异不大,后期差异显著。胁迫条件下,河北酸枣相比较表现出更强的耐盐碱性,辽宁酸枣相对适应盐碱的能力较弱。(4)盐胁迫、碱胁迫及盐碱胁迫抑制酸枣光合作用,降低了酸枣叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量,碱胁迫条件下各叶绿素含量均低于盐胁迫和盐碱胁迫。随着盐胁迫、碱胁迫和盐碱胁迫浓度的增加,各种源地酸枣叶片Gs值和Ci值降低,原因可能是由于气孔因素作用引起的;而在浓度0.9%的碱胁迫的四个种源地酸枣叶片及盐碱胁迫下辽宁酸枣叶片出现Gs值降低Ci升高的现象,原因可能是由非气孔因素作用引起的。三种胁迫条件下都能提高酸枣的水分利用效率,促使酸枣叶片Tr值降低,WUE值升高。(5)通过对四个不同种源酸枣种子的发芽指标、幼苗的生长指标、生理指标和光合参数进行加权综合评价,得出酸枣苗期耐盐碱能力顺序,其顺序为:河北山西陕西辽宁,综上所述,河北种源地酸枣苗期的耐盐碱能力较强。
[Abstract]:Soil salinization seriously affects the development of jujube industry in Xinjiang. As the rootstock of jujube, the salt-tolerance ability of jujube directly affects the growth and development of jujube. Plant height, stem diameter, biomass and other growth indicators under combined stress, physiological indicators such as malondialdehyde, proline, soluble protein, total soluble sugar in leaves and photosynthetic parameters of leaves were determined. The differences of Salt-tolerance of jujube seedlings from different provenances were analyzed by membership function method, and the physiological mechanism of salt-tolerant environment was explored. The main results are as follows: (1) Under salt stress, alkali stress and salt-alkali synergistic stress, with the increase of concentration, the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of jujube in various provenances gradually decreased, and the relative salt damage rate gradually increased. The salt-alkali tolerance limit concentration of jujube in Shaanxi, Hebei and Liaoning was 0.9%, while that in Shanxi was 0.9%. According to the comprehensive analysis of the salt-alkali tolerance of the four provenances, the salt stress and the salt-alkali stress were: Shanxi, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hebei, Shanxi. (2) The plant height, stem diameter, root, stem and total biomass of the jujube were inhibited by the three treatments at seedling growth stage. Under salt stress, there was no significant difference in plant height and stem diameter between 0.3% and CK, but there was significant difference in plant height and stem diameter between 0.6%~0.9% and CK. The plant height, stem diameter and total biomass were 100.2 cm, 7.93 mm, 56.68 g/plant respectively. Under 0.3% alkali stress, the height of Shanxi jujube was 78.24 cm, the stem diameter and total biomass of Hebei jujube were 6.61 mm, 39.89 g/plant. Under 0.3% salt-alkali stress, the height of Shanxi jube was 79.89cm, and the stem diameter and total biomass of Hebei jujube were 7.10 mm, 40.16 g/plant. In general, alkali stress had the greatest inhibitory effect on the growth of jujube seedlings. (3) Under salt, alkali and salt-alkali stress, the MDA content, proline and soluble protein content in the leaves of jujube from different provenances increased with the extension of stress time and the increase of salt-alkali concentration. The content of soluble sugar and organic acid decreased first and then increased. With the increase of stress concentration, there was no significant difference in the concentration of osmotic adjustment substances between the early stage and the later stage. (4) Salt stress, alkali stress and salt-alkali stress inhibited photosynthesis, reduced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content of Zizyphus jujuba. Under alkali stress, chlorophyll content was lower than that under salt stress and salt-alkali stress. The reason may be attributed to stomatal factors; however, under 0.9% alkali stress, the Gs value of the leaves of the four provenances decreased and the Ci value increased. The reason may be caused by non-stomatal factors. The Tr value of jujube leaves decreased and the WUE value increased. (5) Through weighted comprehensive evaluation of seed germination index, seedling growth index, physiological index and photosynthetic parameters of four different provenances, the order of salt-alkali tolerance of jujube seedlings was obtained. The order of salt-alkali tolerance of jujube seedlings was as follows: Shanxi, Shanxi, Liaoning, Hebei Provenance. Strong force.
【学位授予单位】：塔里木大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S665.1

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