银柴胡传粉特性及农艺措施对种子产量和质量影响的研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 09:24

【摘要】：为了更好的生产优质高产的银柴胡种子,本试验于2015年4月-2016年10月在宁夏同心县马高庄乡同心县泰杰中药材规范化种植园区进行试验。通过对银柴胡传粉生物学的研究、种子产量通径分析、种子产量及产量构成要素的分析、种子质量分析得出:1.银柴胡繁育系统为专性异交,传粉途径以虫媒传粉为主,传粉昆虫主要是中华蜜蜂和花蓟马。2.相关性结果表明,与银柴胡单株种子产量相关的指标(株高、根长、根鲜重、地上部分鲜重、千粒重)均与单株种子产量呈显著相关关系,但通径分析结果表明,单株根鲜重指标和千粒重指标为银柴胡单株种子产量的构成要素指标,直接或间接的对银柴胡单株种子产量起到重要的影响作用。3.不同农艺措施对银柴胡单株种子产量和种子质量的影响对比得出,银柴胡在花期和果期补充灌水对种子产量和质量的影响最显著,其次是追肥。种植年限和种植密度对种子产量和质量也具有一定的影响,但效果有所不同。因此,银柴胡种子生产以生长期为3年生,种植密度10000株/667m~2(20cm×30cm)较好,在田间管理过程中,灌水为第一要素,可在开花初期和结果期灌水2次,每次灌水量为20 m3/667m~2。除此之外,根据土壤肥力情况可结合灌水,追肥2次,追肥量20 kg二铵/667m~2+10kg尿素/667 m~2,可使种子产量提高60%以上,种子质量提高20%以上。
[Abstract]:In order to produce high quality and high yield seeds of Bupleurum chinense, the experiment was carried out in Tongxin County of Ningxia from April 2015 to October 2016. Through the study of pollination biology of Bupleurum chinense, path analysis of seed yield, analysis of seed yield and components of seed yield, seed quality analysis showed that: 1. The breeding system of Bupleurum chinensis is a special heterosynthesis. The pollination route is mainly insect-borne pollination, and pollination insect is mainly Chinese bee and flower thrips. The correlation results showed that the indexes related to seed yield (plant height, root length, root fresh weight, aboveground fresh weight, 1000-grain weight) were significantly correlated with seed yield per plant, but path analysis showed that The index of fresh weight per plant root and the index of 1000 grain weight are the key factors of seed yield of single plant of Bupleurum chinense, which directly or indirectly play an important role in the yield of seeds per plant of Bupleurum chinense. The effects of different agronomic measures on seed yield and seed quality per plant of Bupleurum chinense L. were compared. It was concluded that supplementary irrigation at flowering and fruit stage had the most significant effect on seed yield and quality, followed by topdressing. Planting years and planting density also have some effects on seed yield and quality, but the effect is different. Therefore, the seed production of Bupleurum chinense was 3 years old, and the planting density of 10000 plants / 667mt2 (20cm 脳 30cm) was better. In the field management, irrigation was the first factor, and it could be irrigated twice in the early flowering period and the fruiting period, the amount of irrigation was 20 m3 / 667m-2 per time. In addition, according to the soil fertility, the seed yield and the seed quality can be increased by more than 60% and 20% respectively.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S567.239

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