桃园土壤对平邑甜茶幼苗的抑制及高锰酸钾的缓解作用

发布时间：2018-08-27 12:51

【摘要】：试验于2015年3月—2017年5月在山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院及国家苹果工程技术研究中心试验站进行。研究以平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)幼苗为试材,盆栽条件下研究桃园土壤对平邑甜茶幼苗生物量、根系及叶片光合的影响,同时提出高锰酸钾对桃园土壤抑制平邑甜茶幼苗生长的缓解作用,为桃园改建苹果园的可行性提供理论依据及有效措施,主要结果如下:1、桃园土壤中有害微生物显著抑制平邑甜茶幼苗的生长,降低其根系呼吸速率及根系保护酶活性,抑制植株光合作用。桃园土壤中真菌数量在7、8、9三个月中趋于增加趋势,细菌与真菌比值显著高于其他两对照处理,趋于真菌型土壤变化。与溴甲烷熏蒸对照相比,在7、8、9三个月,桃园土壤处理的生物量积累受到显著抑制,株高显著降低了41.35%、30.68%、24.15%,地径分别降低了46.32%、28.11%、24.26%,鲜重分别降低了40.08%、31.50%、30.90%,干重也分别降低了30.92%、39.21%、35.97%;平邑甜茶幼苗根系也受到胁迫伤害,根系呼吸速率及根系保护酶活性受到显著抑制,与溴甲烷熏蒸对照相比,在7、8、9三个月中,桃园土壤处理的根系呼吸速率分别显著降低了50.40%、53.59%、47.18%,SOD活性显著降低了28.85%、33.56%、27.36%,POD活性显著降低了69.28%、63.83%、56.41%,CAT活性也显著降低了33.96%、44.78%、39.01%;此外,桃园土壤处理的平邑甜茶幼苗植株光合作用也受到显著抑制,相比于溴甲烷熏蒸对照,其净光合速率显著降低了51.32%。2、桃园土壤中实测浓度的苦杏仁苷、苯甲酸两种异株克生物质显著抑制平邑甜茶幼苗的生长,降低其根系呼吸速率及根系保护酶活性,同时植株光合作用也受到显著抑制。在7、8、9三个月,苦杏仁苷处理与苯甲酸处理的生物量均显著低于正茬土对照,在7月,苦杏仁苷处理的株高、地径、鲜重、干重比正茬土对照显著降低了27.43%、28.85%、50.92%、46.90%,苯甲酸处理的株高、地径、鲜重、干重也较正茬土对照显著较低了41.28%、44.01%、71.57%、70.08%,在8、9月份表现出相同趋势。同时,苦杏仁苷处理与苯甲酸处理幼苗的根系呼吸速率与根系保护酶活性受到显著抑制,在7月,相比于正茬土对照,苦杏仁苷处理的根系呼吸速率及SOD、POD、CAT活性分别显著降低了46.99%、62.23%、50.37%、62.96%,苯甲酸处理的根系呼吸速率及SOD、POD、CAT活性分别显著降低了49.67%、46.78%、40.26%、71.28%,在8、9月两处理亦显著低于正茬土对照。此外,苦杏仁苷处理与苯甲酸处理净光合速率也比正茬土对照显著降低了30.95%、36.97%。3、高锰酸钾可有效缓解桃园土壤对平邑甜茶幼苗的胁迫作用,显著提高幼苗生物量、根系呼吸速率及保护酶活性。在7月,与桃园土壤相比,高锰酸钾处理的幼苗株高、地径、鲜重、干重分别显著提高了56.67%、52.28%、192.96%、197.70%,根长、根表面积、根体积也显著提高了149.01%、255.79%、415.20%,在8月平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量及根系形态指标亦表现出显著提高趋势;同时高锰酸钾处理的幼苗根系活力比桃园土壤处理显著提高了49.42%;根系SOD、POD、CAT活性显著提高了73.79%、73.44%、101.00%,同时,幼苗根系中MDA含量显著下降了59.53%。
[Abstract]:The experiment was conducted at the Horticultural Science and Engineering College of Shandong Agricultural University and the National Apple Engineering Research Center from March 2015 to May 2017. Potassium permanganate alleviated the growth of Pingyi sweet tea seedlings in peach orchard soil, and provided theoretical basis and effective measures for the feasibility of peach orchard reconstruction. The main results were as follows: 1. Harmful microorganisms in peach orchard soil significantly inhibited the growth of Pingyi sweet tea seedlings, reduced their root respiration rate and the activity of root protective enzymes, inhibited the growth of Pingyi sweet tea seedlings. The number of fungi in the soil of peach orchard tended to increase in 7,8,9 months, and the ratio of bacteria to fungi was significantly higher than that of the other two control treatments, which tended to fungal soil changes. The dry weight of Pingyi sweet tea seedlings decreased by 30.92%, 39.21% and 35.97% respectively. The root respiration rate and the activity of root protective enzymes were significantly inhibited in the three months of 7, 8 and 9 compared with the control of methyl bromide fumigation. The root respiration rate, SOD activity, POD activity and CAT activity of peach orchard soil treatment decreased by 50.40%, 53.59%, 47.18%, 28.85%, 33.56%, 27.36%, 69.28%, 63.83%, 56.41% and 33.96%, 44.78% and 39.01% respectively. In addition, the photosynthesis of peach orchard soil treatment Pingyi sweet tea seedlings was also significantly reduced. Compared with the control, the net photosynthetic rate was significantly reduced by 51.32%. 2. The measured concentrations of amygdalin and benzoic acid in peach orchard soil significantly inhibited the growth of Pingyi sweet tea seedlings, decreased the root respiration rate and the activity of root protective enzymes, and significantly inhibited the photosynthesis of the plants. In July, the plant height, ground diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of amygdalin treatment were 27.43%, 28.85%, 50.92%, 46.90% lower than those of normal soil treatment. The plant height, ground diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of benzoic acid treatment were 41.2% lower than those of normal soil treatment. 8%, 44.01%, 71.57%, 70.08%, showing the same trend in August and September. Meanwhile, the root respiration rate and the activity of root protective enzymes were significantly inhibited by amygdalin treatment and benzoic acid treatment. In July, the root respiration rate and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT were significantly decreased by 46.99%, 62.23%, 5. Respiratory rate and SOD, POD and CAT activities of the roots of benzoic acid treatment decreased by 49.67%, 46.78%, 40.26%, 71.28% respectively, and were also significantly lower than those of the control in August and September. Compared with the peach orchard soil, the seedling height, ground diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, root length, root surface area and root volume were significantly increased by 56.67%, 52.28%, 192.96%, 197.70%, respectively. The biomass and root morphological indexes of Pingyi sweet tea seedlings were also significantly increased in August, 149.01%, 255.79% and 415.20%, and the root activity of seedlings treated with potassium permanganate was 49.42% higher than that of peach orchard soil, and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT in roots were 73.79%, 73.44% and 101.00% higher than those of peach orchard soil. With a decrease of 59.53%.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S661.1;S662.1

【参考文献】