日光温室内光环境分布规律的研究

发布时间：2018-08-29 11:45

【摘要】：本试验针对日光温室内光能传递规律,选择栽培番茄温室与无植物栽培温室进行试验研究。两个温室长60m,跨度8m,北墙3.5m,脊高4m,同时对两个日光温室内各表面太阳辐射强度、植物不同方位光照强度与光谱分布、温室内各表面温度等环境数据进行实时监测,将测量数据进行分析,得到结果如下:1.温室内各表面光照分布情况,主要包括土壤、北墙、和后坡表面的直射光与散射光吸收情况,确定温室内各个表面直射光散射光的分布,结果表明在冬春季节温室内直射光强度远高于散射光强度,其中土壤和北墙表面直射光强度相差不大却高于后坡,土壤表面直射光占直射光总强度40%,北墙表面占33%,后坡表面占27%;散射光强度主要分布于土壤表面,土壤表面散射光占散射光总强度51%,北墙占38%,后坡占散射光总强度的11%。2.番茄栽培温室内植株群体叶片不同结构分布对直射光和散射光的吸收规律,在这里将番茄叶片分为水平分布叶层结构,垂直分布叶层结构、特殊交角叶层分布和叶层随机分布四种结构,并选取植物开花坐果期和果实膨大期进行试验,自2015年12月开始至次年5月结束试验,每月选择一晴朗天气为代表的白天数据进行分析,试验结果表明,番茄不同叶层结构对直射光的吸收效果相同,对散射光的吸收效果不同。其中冬季12月份最低,之后到5月逐渐升高,春季对直射光吸收量的增加相对平缓,而在每天中番茄叶层对直射光的吸收增加速度小于下降速度。这四种叶层分布结构对散射光吸收效果同对直射光吸收的变化趋势一致,吸收量却不通,随机分布叶层结构与交角为45°时接近最大,然后是水平分布叶层结构,垂直分布叶层结构对散射光的吸收量最少。3.日光温室内外光谱辐射具有一定规律,本试验选择时间、距温室内前底角的距离、光质为变量探究温室内光谱分布情况,光谱日变化规律最大值出现在11:00～12:00之间,距离对光谱分布规律影响效果小,番茄种植温室光谱分布规律比无植株种植温室光谱分布规律明显,但两者情况下紫外光皆无明显变化。对单株番茄以及温室内番茄群体进行光谱测量,结果表明番茄群体不同方位的太阳辐射亮度呈上多下少趋势,但植物下部分随时间变化辐射亮度随时间变化影响不大。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the light energy transfer rule in solar greenhouse, the experiment was carried out in tomato greenhouse and no plant greenhouse. The two greenhouses are 60m in length, 8m in span, 3.5m in the north wall and 4mhigh in ridge. At the same time, the environmental data such as the solar radiation intensity on each surface, the illumination intensity and spectral distribution of the plants in different directions, and the surface temperature in the greenhouse are monitored in real time. The measurements were analyzed and the results were as follows: 1. The light distribution of each surface in greenhouse mainly includes the direct light and scattering light absorption of soil, north wall, and back slope surface, and determines the distribution of direct light scattering light on each surface of greenhouse. The results show that the intensity of direct light in greenhouse is much higher than that of scattering light in winter and spring seasons, and the direct light intensity of soil and north wall surface is similar but higher than that of back slope. The total intensity of direct light on the soil surface is 40%, that on the north wall is 33%, and on the back slope is 27%. The scattered light intensity mainly distributes on the soil surface, the soil surface light takes up 51% of the total scattered light intensity, the north wall occupies 38% of the total intensity of the scattering light, and the back slope accounts for 11. 2% of the total intensity of the scattered light. The absorption of direct and scattered light from different leaf structures in tomato greenhouse was studied. The leaves of tomato were divided into horizontal leaf layer and vertical leaf layer. The special intersecting leaf layer distribution and the random distribution of leaf layer were selected to test the flowering, fruiting and expanding stages of plants. The experiment began in December 2015 and ended in May of the following year. The results showed that the absorption effect of direct light was the same and the absorption effect of scattered light was different in different leaf layers of tomato. In winter, it was the lowest in December, and then increased gradually in May. The increase of direct light absorption in spring was relatively gentle, but the increasing rate of direct light absorption in leaf layer of tomato was less than the decreasing rate every day. The effect of the four leaf layer distribution structures on the absorption of scattered light is consistent with that of the direct light absorption, but the absorption amount is not obvious. The random distribution of leaf layer structure is close to the maximum when the angle of intersection is 45 掳, and then the horizontal distribution of leaf layer structure. The absorption of scattered light by vertical leaf layer structure is the least. 3. The spectral radiation inside and outside of solar greenhouse has a certain regularity. This experiment selects time, distance from the front bottom angle of greenhouse, light quality as variable to probe into spectrum distribution in greenhouse. The maximum value of spectrum diurnal variation appears between 11: 00 and 12: 00. The effect of distance on spectral distribution was small. The spectral distribution of tomato greenhouse was more obvious than that of non-plantlet planting greenhouse, but there was no obvious change of ultraviolet light in both cases. The spectral measurements of tomato plants and tomato populations in greenhouse showed that the solar radiance of tomato populations in different directions tended to be more or less lower than that of plants, but the variation of radiation brightness of the lower part of plant with time had little effect on the change of solar radiation intensity.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S626;S641.2

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