8种苔草属植物的观赏特性与种子萌发特性研究

发布时间：2018-08-31 09:22

【摘要】：苔草属植物因其优良的观赏特性而被开发应用,而种子作为繁殖体的最小单位,在一定程度上发挥优势,种子繁殖产生的后代,由于具有遗传多样性而使种群具有遗传可变形,从而保证了种群至少有一些个体能够经受自然选择而生存下来从而使得种族延续。由于苔草种子休眠严重、萌发困难等问题存在,使该属植物的开发利用受到严重制约。针对这一现状本文选取了青绿苔草(Carex leucochlora)、白颖苔草(Carex rigescens)、翼果苔草(Carex neurocarpa.)、尖嘴苔草(Carex leiorhyncha)披针叶苔草(Carex lanceolata)、低矮苔草(Carex humilis)、溪水苔草(Carex forficula)、异穗苔草(Carex heterostachya)8种观赏性强、具有较高的园林开发利用价值和市场开发潜力的苔草属植物进行观赏特性和种子萌发特性研究,探讨了不同光照条件、不同温度条件、赤霉素、酸碱处理、低温层积处理以及不同浸种温度和时间对种子萌发的影响,从中选择效果显著的方法进行推广。主要研究结果如下:1.苔草属植物在每年的3月或者4月份开始返青,进行2-3个月的营养生长后进入分蘖抽穗期,在5月份左右进入种子成熟期,绿期长达180天以上;10月或者11月进入植株枯黄期,长达120天以上,观赏部位为叶片,叶片纤细,呈现不同程度的绿色,具有良好的观赏性。2.苔草种子的生物学特性包括种子形态特征、千粒重、含水量及生活力,种子形态特征从种皮颜色、种子形状及种子大小进行分析,形状分为倒卵形、卵形和圆形,具二楞或三棱;从颜色上看,多为为褐色、棕色,有的种皮具有光泽;不同种类种子的生活力、千粒重以及含水量存在差异。3.苔草属植物种子在恒温和变温处理下发芽效果不同,不同种类对种子发芽温度要求不同,而适宜的温度有助于苔草种子萌发,种子萌发最适温度为变温处理15/25℃(如青绿苔草)和恒温处理25℃(如披针苔草),表示白天25℃,夜晚15℃和昼夜温度都为25℃。4光照对不同种类的种子萌发需求不同,青绿苔草、白颖苔草、翼果苔草、尖嘴苔草、披针苔草在3种光照条件下都有萌发,低矮苔草、溪水苔草和异穗苔草在黑暗条件下种子没有有萌发。5.不同种类的苔草种子对浸种温度和时间要求存在差异,在不同浸种温度下最佳处理时间都为1小时,萌发效果最好。6.赤霉素处理、酸碱处理和低温层积处理对促进种子萌发有不同的效果。其中低温层积处理最有效,层积后8种苔草的发芽指标在层积150d达到最高。尖嘴苔草在赤霉素处理高浓度时萌发效果好,其余几种表现出低浓度促进,高浓度抑制萌发的特点;酸碱处理表现为浓硫酸处理时间越短萌发效果越好,不同种类的苔草种子对Na OH处理表现效果不同,当处理浓度不同时,发芽率、发芽指数和发芽势都表现为处理时间为10min时发芽效果最好。7.层积过程中营养物质含量随着层积时间而发生变化,其中,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量的变化与苔草种子的萌发呈负相关,淀粉含量和脂肪含量的变化与苔草种子的萌发呈正相关,说明在种子层积萌发过程中体内营养物质的含量是随着层积种子萌发进程而改变的。
[Abstract]:Carex has been developed and applied for its excellent ornamental properties. Seeds, as the smallest unit of the propagator, play an important role to a certain extent. The offspring produced by seed propagation have genetic deformations due to genetic diversity, thus ensuring that at least some individuals in the population can survive natural selection. The development and utilization of Carex leucochlora, Carex rigescens, Carex neurocarpa and Carex leiorhyncha were seriously restricted because of the serious dormancy and difficult germination of Carex seeds. Eight species of Carex lanceolata, Carex humilis, Carex forficula and Carex heterostachya with high ornamental value and market potential were studied for their ornamental and seed germination characteristics. The main results are as follows: 1. Carex plants begin to turn green in March or April of each year, and enter the tillering and heading stage after 2-3 months of vegetative growth. In May or so into the seed maturity period, green period as long as 180 days; October or November into the plant withered yellow period, as long as 120 days, ornamental parts for the leaves, leaves slender, showing varying degrees of green, with good ornamental. 2. Carex Seed Biological characteristics, including seed morphological characteristics, 1000-grain weight, water content and vitality, Seed morphological characteristics were analyzed from seed coat color, seed shape and seed size. The shape was divided into inverted oval, oval and round, with two or three rows; from the color point of view, mostly brown, brown, and some seed coat with luster; seed viability, 1000-grain weight and water content of different species of seeds were different. 3. Carex seeds at constant temperature and water content. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 15/25 C (e.g. green moss) and 25 C (e.g. Elymus lanceolata). It means that the temperature of day is 25 C, night is 15 C and day and night is 25 C.4. Seeds of the same species germinate differently under three light conditions, green moss, white glume moss, pterocarp moss, pointed-billed moss, and lanceola. Low moss, brook moss and heterocotyledon do not germinate under dark conditions. 5. Different species of moss have different requirements on soaking temperature and time. Gibberellin treatment, acid-alkali treatment and low-temperature stratification treatment had different effects on promoting seed germination. Among them, low-temperature stratification treatment was the most effective, and the germination indexes of 8 species of Carex were the highest after stratification for 150 days. The other species showed the characteristics of promoting germination at low concentration and Inhibiting Germination at high concentration; the shorter the treatment time with concentrated sulfuric acid, the better the germination effect, and the different kinds of Carex seeds showed different effects on Na OH treatment. When the treatment concentration was different, the germination rate, germination index and germination potential were all shown at the treatment time of 10 minutes. The content of nutrients changed with the time of stratification. Among them, the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar was negatively correlated with the germination of Carex. The content of starch and fat was positively correlated with the germination of Carex. This indicated that the nutrients in vivo were in the process of stratification. The content of matter changes with the germination process of stratified seeds.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S68

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