红蓝光比例对茄子幼苗质量的影响

发布时间：2018-09-01 20:15

【摘要】：茄子(Solanum melongena L.)在我国的栽培面积逐年扩大,是我国内销及出口创汇的主要蔬菜之一。随着光生物学研究的不断深入和人工光源的不断开发,光质调控设施蔬菜作物生产的研究越来越广泛。本文以'京茄金刚'长茄为试材,在前期探明红/蓝(R/B)=1/1组合光比单色光更有利于培育茄子壮苗基础上,以LED 白光(W)为对照,通过设定LED不同红蓝配比:LED红光(R)、R/B=1/1、R/B=3/1,R/B=6/1、R/B=9/1和LED蓝光(B),共7个处理,系统研究了不同红蓝光比例对茄子幼苗生长、叶片光合作用和碳氮代谢的影响,以期筛选出适宜茄子幼苗生长发育的最佳红蓝光比例,为培育茄子壮苗进行光环境调控提供理论依据,主要研究结果如下:1.R/B=3/1处理下,茄子幼苗的壮苗指数、全株干重、根系活力、根系总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积及根系构型参数均显著高于其他处理;B处理下,其幼苗的株高和根冠比高于其他处理;R处理下,其茎粗、叶面积、全株干重、根冠比、壮苗指数、根系活力、根系总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积及根系构型参数均显著低于其他处理;R/B=1/1处理下,其茎粗最大,全株干重、根系活力、根系总吸收面积及活跃吸收面积仅次于R/B=3/1;R/B=1/1、3/1、6/1处理下,其叶片厚度、栅栏组织、海绵组织及上下表皮厚度均优于其他处理;R/B=9/1处理的幼苗叶片海绵组织疏松;B处理有利于提高叶片组织结构紧密度。2.短时间(0～8 h)内,LED红蓝配比光质各处理下茄子幼苗叶片中psbB的表达量均有显著上升趋势;R/B=9/1处理下,rbcS、rbcL、phyA、phyS、prbA、psbB和CRY2的表达量均有显著升高趋势;rbcS和rbcL在W、R/B=1/1和9/1处理下变化显著;phyA和phyB在 R/B=9/1和1/1处理下均亦呈显著上升趋势;除W处理外,psbA和psbB在其他各处理下均变化显著;CRY2在R/B=1/1、3/1、6/1和9/1处理下变化显著。育苗结束后,R/B=3/1处理能显著提高rbcL、rbcS、phyA、phyB、psbA、psbB和CRY2的表达水平;B处理可提高psbB和rbcS的表达量;R处理则促进phyA的表达量,表明红、蓝光共同参与调控了 RuBPcase酶活性、光受体以及光系统反应中心基因水平的表达。3.R/B=3/1处理下,茄子幼苗叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素(a+b)、叶绿素a/b、类胡萝卜素含量、Fv'/Fm'、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、气孔导度、水分利用效率、RuBP羧化酶(RuBPcase)活性、光饱和点、光饱和时光合速率、羧化效率(CE)、CO2饱和点、RuBP最大再生速率均显著高于其他处理,表观量子效率(AQY)次于R/B=1/1;R/B=1/1处理的幼苗叶片叶绿素b、Fv/Fm、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、AQY、光补偿点高于其他处理,RuBPcase活性和CE次于R/B=3/1;R处理较B处理可提高茄子幼苗叶片光合色素含量;B处理较R处理有利于幼苗叶片的光合电子传递,并能显著提高叶片荧光参数 Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、Fv'/Fm'、ETR、qP 和 qNP。4.R/B=3/1处理的茄子幼苗叶片中蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性显著高于其他处理,故可促进叶片中总糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和淀粉含量的积累;与其他处理相比,叶片中谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、谷氨酸合成酶、硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性亦显著升高,从而可显著提高叶片中铵态氮、非蛋白氮、可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量;R/B=1/1处理的叶片SPS活性和总糖、果糖、可溶性糖含量及GDH、NR活性和非蛋白氮含量次于R/B=3/1,但还原糖和可溶性糖含量最高;B处理的幼苗叶片中全氮含量最高;R处理的叶片淀粉酶活性和硝态氮含量最高;R/B=6/1处理的叶片蛋白氮含量最高,SPS和SS活性、还原糖、葡萄糖、硝态氮、非蛋白氮和可溶性蛋白含量与R/B=3/1处理差异不显著。
[Abstract]:Solanum melongena L. (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the main vegetables sold in China and exported for foreign exchange. With the development of photobiology and artificial light source, the research on vegetable production under light quality control facilities is more and more extensive. Based on the fact that bright red/blue (R/B) = 1/1 combination light is more conducive to cultivating strong eggplant seedlings than monochromatic light, the effects of red/blue light ratio on the growth of eggplant seedlings, leaf photosynthesis and carbon and nitrogen were systematically studied by setting different red/blue LED ratios: red (R), R/B = 1/1, R/B = 3/1, R/B = 6/1, R/B = 9/1 and LED blue (B). The main results are as follows: 1. R/B=3/1 treatment, the index of strong seedling, the whole plant dry weight, root activity, total root absorption area, active absorption area and root structure of eggplant seedlings. The plant height and root-shoot ratio of seedlings under treatment B were significantly higher than those under other treatments; the stem diameter, leaf area, whole plant dry weight, root-shoot ratio, strong seedling index, root activity, total root absorption area, active absorption area and root architecture parameters of seedlings under treatment R/B=1/1 were significantly lower than those under other treatments. The whole plant dry weight, root activity, total root absorption area and active absorption area were only inferior to R/B=3/1; the leaf thickness, palisade tissue, sponge tissue and upper and lower epidermis thickness of R/B=1/1, 3/1, 6/1 treatment were superior to other treatments; the spongy tissue of seedlings treated with R/B=9/1 was loose; the compactness of leaf tissue structure was improved by B treatment. The expression of PSB B in eggplant seedling leaves increased significantly under different LED red and blue light quality treatments, and the expression of rbcS, rbcL, phyA, phyS, prbA, PSB B and CRY2 increased significantly under R/B = 9/1 and 1/1 treatments. The expression of rbcL, rbcS, phyA, phyB, psbA, psbB and CRY2 was significantly increased by R/B = 1/1, 3/1, 6/1 and 9/1 treatments, and the expression of psbB and rbcS was significantly increased by R/B = 3/1 treatments after seedling cultivation. 3. R / B = 3/1 treatment, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a / b, carotenoid content, Fv'/ Fm', photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR), stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, RuBP carboxylase (RuBP carboxylase) in Eggplant Seedling Leaves BPcase activity, light saturation point, photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency (CE), CO2 saturation point, maximum regeneration rate of RuBP were significantly higher than those of other treatments, and AQY was lower than that of R/B=1/1; chlorophyll b, Fv/Fm, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, AQY, light compensation point, RuBPcase activity and CE were higher than those of other treatments. The photosynthetic pigments content of eggplant seedling leaves was increased by R/B=3/1, and the photosynthetic electron transfer and fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm, PSII, Fv'/Fm, ETR, qP and qNP.4.R/B=3/1 were improved by R treatment than by R treatment. Compared with other treatments, the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamate synthase (GS), nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthase (GS) in leaves were also significantly increased, and the contents of total sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose and starch in leaves were significantly increased. The contents of soluble protein and free amino acid, SPS activity and total sugar, fructose, soluble sugar and GDH, NR activity and non-protein nitrogen were lower than those of R/B=3/1, but the contents of crude sugar and soluble sugar were the highest; the content of total nitrogen in seedling leaves of B treatment was the highest; the content of amylase activity and nitrate nitrogen in leaves of R/B=1/1 treatment was the highest; The content of protein nitrogen in leaves treated with 6/1 was the highest, and the activities of SPS and S S, reducing sugar, glucose, nitrate nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen and soluble protein were not significantly different from those treated with R/B=3/1.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S641.1

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