水稻粒形、粒重和垩白率QTL定位分析

发布时间：2018-09-05 14:09

【摘要】：水稻(Oryza sativa L.)不仅是全球最主要的粮食作物之一,同时也是一种生物学上的模式植物。随着对水稻研究的不断深入,目前对水稻产量,稻米粒形和垩白的调控机制有了初步的了解。如今除了在水稻产量上满足消费者的需求之外,拥有更好的外观品质和蒸煮食味品质的水稻品种越来越受到消费者的青睐。本研究利用两个早稻品种R287/中早35杂交衍生的F2和F2:3群体利用分子标记对控制粒长、粒宽、千粒重和腹白率的数量性状位点(quantitative trait loci,QTL)进行定位。主要结果如下:通过对作图群体在2015和2016两年的表性分析,共检测到qGL1a、qGL1b、qGL3、qGL7这4个控制粒长的QTL,分别位于第1、3和7染色体上,其中定位于RM493-RM488之间的qGL1b和定位于RM7576-RM251之间的qGL3两个QTL在两年间均被检测到,说明这两个位点稳定性较好,两年解释遗传变异率分别为4.03%、7.27%和9.26%、11.69%。两年共检测到4个控制粒宽的QTL,分别为qGW1a、qGW1b、qGW2和qGW5,分别位于第1、2和5染色体上,其中定位于RM413-RM405之间的qGW5效应较大,解释遗传变异率23.99%。两年检测到控制千粒重的QTL共6个,分别为qTGW1a、qTGW1b、qTGW3、qTGW4a、qTGW4b和qTGW5,位于第1、3、4和5染色体上,解释遗传变异率为0.30%-14.68%。两年检测到控制腹白率的QTL共11个,分别位于第1、2、3、5和6染色体上,其中定位于RM575-RM493之间的q WBR1a,定位于RM569-RM3392之间的qWBR3a和定位于RM413-RM405之间的qWBR5,3个QTL在两年均检测到,qWBR1a两年解释遗传变异率为0.13%和11.23%,qWBR3a两年解释遗传变异率为7.01%和4.45%,qWBR5两年解释遗传变异率为11.64%和11.52%。两年检测到控制长宽比的QTL共4个,分别在第1、3和11染色体上,其中位于第3染色体的QTL qLWR3在两年均检测到,解释遗传变异率为7.04%-14.21%。这些与粒形、粒重和垩白性状相关QTL的定位为早稻外观品质和产量的遗传改良提供了理论基础。
[Abstract]:Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is not only one of the most important food crops in the world, but also a model plant in biology. With the deepening of rice research, the regulation mechanism of rice yield, grain shape and chalkiness has been preliminarily understood. In this study, F2 and F2:3 populations derived from two early rice varieties R287/Zhongzao 35 were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling grain length, grain width, 1000-grain weight and whiteness using molecular markers. The results were as follows: qGL1b, qGL1b, qGL3, and qGL7 were detected on chromosomes 1, 3 and 7 respectively, and qGL1b and qGL3 located between RM493-RM488 and RM7576-RM251 were detected in the mapping population in the two years of 2015 and 2016, indicating that these two loci were detected. Four QTLs controlling grain width, qGW1a, qGW1b, qGW2 and qGW5, located on chromosomes 1, 2 and 5 respectively, were detected in the two years. The qGW5 effect between RM413 and RM405 was larger, explaining 23.99% of the genetic variation. A total of 6 QTLs, qTGW1a, qTGW1b, qTGW3, qTGW4a, qTGW4b and qTGW5, were located on chromosomes 1, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. The explained genetic variation rate was 0.30% - 14.68%. Eleven QTLs were detected to control the whiteness rate on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6, among which Q WBR1a was located between RM575 and RM493, and qWBR3a and RM569-RM3392. QWBR5 and three QTLs located between RM413 and RM405 were detected in two years. The two-year explained genetic variation rates of qWBR1a were 0.13% and 11.23%, qWBR3a explained genetic variation rates were 7.01% and 4.45%, and qWBR5 explained genetic variation rates were 11.64% and 11.52%. QTL qLWR3 on chromosome 3 was detected in two years and explained genetic variability of 7.04%-14.21%. The mapping of QTLs related to grain shape, grain weight and chalkiness traits provided a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of appearance quality and yield in early rice.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511

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