水光耦合对干热区小粒咖啡生理生态、产量和品质的影响

发布时间：2018-09-05 18:52

【摘要】：小粒咖啡是云南特色经济作物之一,其种植面积和产量占全国比重达90%以上。干热河谷区是小粒咖啡适宜的种植区域,但该区干旱缺水、光照强烈、土壤保水性差,严重制约小粒咖啡的生长和生产。本研究重点阐述了不同灌溉和遮荫水平对小粒咖啡生长、光合特性、产量和品质的影响,探明小粒咖啡高产的水光优化管理模式。本研究以小粒咖啡为供试材料,通过在云南保山潞江坝开展为期2a的水光组合大田试验,主要研究了不同灌水和遮荫水平对小粒咖啡生长指标、土壤含水率、光合特性、叶片水分利用效率、叶片光能利用效率、产量和品质的影响。试验设3个灌水水平(高水:WH、中水:WM和低水:WL)和4个遮荫水平(重度遮荫SH:40%自然光照、中度遮荫SM:55%自然光照、轻度遮荫SL:70%自然光照和不遮荫So:100%自然光照)。研究取得了以下重要结论:(1)与WL相比,增加灌水量显著提高小粒咖啡的生长指标(株高、茎粗、冠幅、新枝长度和芽数量);与So相比,SM和SH不利于小粒咖啡生长,但SL促进小粒咖啡的生长。WHSL处理的小粒咖啡株高、茎粗和新枝长度均最大,冠幅和芽数量仅小于WHSM。(2)不同灌水和遮荫水平下,小粒咖啡叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间C02浓度均呈“单峰曲线”。与WL相比,增加灌水量提高最大净光合速率10.96%～47.59%。与So相比,SH和SM显著减少净光合速率,而SL显著增加净光合速率。(3)WHSH处理的土壤含水率均值最大,为17.50%;WHSM处理的土壤含水率均值也较大,为16.33%,仅次于WHSH。(4)与WL相比,WM和WH增加干豆产量97.07%～126.28%。与So相比,SM和SH减少干豆产量4.23%～29.08%,中度和重度遮荫降低了干豆产量,而SL干豆产量增加了27.22%～27.96%,轻度遮荫可以增加干豆产量。WHSL耦合模式的2a干豆产量均值最大,为 1467 kg/hm2。(5)与WL相比,WM增加脂肪和绿原酸分别为4.81%和10.24%,而咖啡因减少21.11%;WH减少咖啡因18.41%。与So相比,SL增加总糖、蛋白质、脂肪和绿原酸分别为6.25%、9.49%、3.37%和5.54%,减少咖啡因4.20%;SM和SH减少脂肪、咖啡因和绿原酸分别为4.31%和 7.69%、12.71%和 10.88%以及 13.94%和 19.48%。与 WHS0 相比,WMSL增加总糖、蛋白质、脂肪和绿原酸分别为23.23%、14.07%、6.62%和9.98%,减少咖啡因含量8.30%;WHSL增加总糖、蛋白质、脂肪和绿原酸分别为7.43%、15.50%、4.73%和7.92%,减少咖啡因11.52%。主成分分析表明,WMSL和WHSL处理的综合营养品质最优。本试验条件下,综合分析小粒咖啡的生长特性、光合特性叶片水光利用效率、产量和品质,从优质高产的角度考虑,干热区小粒咖啡最优的灌水和遮荫耦合模式为高水轻度遮荫组合(WHSL)。
[Abstract]:Small coffee is one of the special cash crops in Yunnan, and its planting area and yield account for more than 90% of the whole country. The dry and hot valley area is the suitable planting area for small coffees, but drought and water shortage, strong light intensity and poor soil moisture retention seriously restrict the growth and production of small coffees. The effects of different irrigation and shading levels on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of small coffee were discussed in this paper. In this study, using small coffees as experimental materials, a 2-year field experiment of water and light combination was carried out in Baoshan Lujiang Dam, Yunnan Province. The effects of different irrigation and shading levels on the growth index, soil moisture content and photosynthetic characteristics of small coffee were studied. Effects of leaf water use efficiency, leaf light energy use efficiency, yield and quality. Three irrigation levels (high water: WHM, middle water: WM and low water: WL) and four shading levels (heavy shading SH:40% natural light, moderate shading SM:55% natural light, mild shading SL:70% natural light and unshading So:100% natural light) were used in the experiment. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) compared with WL, the growth index (plant height, stem diameter, crown width, new branch length and bud number) of small coffee were significantly increased by increasing irrigation amount, compared with So, SM and SH were not conducive to the growth of small coffee. However, SL promoted the growth of small coffee. WHSL treatment had the highest plant height, stem diameter and new branch length, and the crown width and bud number were only smaller than those of WHSM. (2) under different irrigation and shading levels, the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of small coffee leaves were lower than those of WHSM. (2) under different irrigation and shading levels. Both stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration showed a single peak curve. Compared with WL, the maximum net photosynthetic rate was increased by 10.96% and 47.59% by increasing irrigation amount. Compared with So, the net photosynthesis rate decreased significantly with SM and SH, while the net photosynthetic rate increased significantly with SL. (3) the average value of soil moisture content in WHSH treatment was the highest, and the average value of soil moisture content in WHSH treatment was also larger than that in WHSH treatment. Second only to WHSH. (4) compared with WL, WM and WH increased the yield of dry beans by 97.07 and 126.28. Compared with So, SM and SH decreased dry bean yield by 4.23 and 29.08, moderate and heavy shading decreased dry bean yield, while SL dry bean yield increased 27.22 ~ 27.96. Light shading could increase dry bean yield. WHSL coupling model had the highest average dry bean yield in 2 years. For 1467 kg/hm2. (5), compared with WL, WM increased fat and Lv Yuan were 4.81% and 10.24%, while caffeine decreased 21.11 and WH decreased 18.41%, respectively. Compared with So, SL increased total sugar, protein, fat and Lv Yuan by 9.49% and 5.54%, decreased caffeine 4.20% and SM and SH decreased fat, caffeine and Lv Yuan acid were 4.31% and 7.69% 12.71% and 10.88%, and 13.94% and 19.48%, respectively. Compared with WHS0, WMSL increased total sugar, protein, fat and Lv Yuan acid respectively by 23.2323 ~ 14.07% and 9.98%, decreased caffeine content by 8.30% and WHSL, increased total sugar, protein, fat and Lv Yuan acid by 7.43% 15.50% and 7.922% respectively, and decreased caffeine 11.52%. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the comprehensive nutritional quality of WMSL and WHSL treatments was the best. Under the experimental conditions, the growth characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics, water and light use efficiency, yield and quality of leaves were comprehensively analyzed, and considered from the point of view of good quality and high yield. The optimal Coupling Model of Irrigation and shading for small Coffee in dry and Hot region is the combination of (WHSL). With High Water and Light shading
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S571.2

【参考文献】