氮肥对玉米秸秆饲用品质与籽粒产量耦合规律影响的研究
发布时间：2018-09-10 17:29
【摘要】：玉米秸秆因其生物学产量占整株玉米的50%以上,是我国农牧区主要饲料来源,也是反刍牲畜主要的青贮原材料,这对促进畜牧产业发展起重要的作用,秸秆的饲用品质直接影响到秸秆自身资源利用价值.本试验共分两年,通过对不同品种秸秆粗蛋白含量、籽粒粗蛋白含量进行比较,对秸秆粗蛋白含量积累规律进行研究,并对其饲用品质和能量进行测定,选出较优的品种。通过在不同生育时期施入不同水平的氮肥以及不同生育期施入相同水平的氮肥对秸秆饲用品质及籽粒产量的影响做了相关研究,从而找出氮肥对玉米秸秆饲用品质和籽粒产量之间耦合规律的影响,为实现秸秆资源利用打下基础。主要试验结果如下:(1)玉米秸秆每个品种粗蛋白含量在不同的时期积累量总体呈现下降的趋势,且品种之间的积累量变化差异较大,华农887,先玉335,郑单958,浚单20,平玉8号5个品种中,浚单20的变化量最小,积累变化率为16.551%,平玉8号的变化量最大,积累变化率为18.532%,在收获期,先玉335(8.841%),郑单958(8.465%),平玉8号(8.170%)粗蛋白的含量较高。(2)比较45个春播和25个夏播品种,本研究结果发现:春播品种在相同的种植条件下,对玉米秸秆的4个品质性状(粗纤维CF、酸性洗涤纤维ADF、中性洗涤纤维NDF和粗蛋白CP)进行比较,挑选出了3个有代表性的品种,德润98:CF(20.80%),ADF(26.32%),NDF(51.00%),CP(9.63%)、郑单958:CF(20.23%),ADF(24.95%),NDF(51.57%),CP(8.68%)、登海618:CF(18.57%),ADF(22.42%),NDF(51.23%),CP(8.80%)。夏播品种同样挑选出了3个有代表性的品种,先玉335:CF(25.01%),ADF(30.53%),NDF(45.58%),CP(6.24%)、郑单958:CF(24.64%),ADF(28.35%),NDF(55.79%),CP(7.30%)、晋单52号:CF(31.40%),ADF(29.73%),NDF(63.13%),CP(7.26%),以上品种皆反映秸秆中纤维各项指标越低,粗蛋白含量越高这一特性,更利于饲用。(3)关于秸秆能量的研究,本试验研究发现品种间秸秆的能量存在较大差异,其中以郑单958的热值(15.82kJ/g)最高,说明该品种适合作为高能秸秆饲料供今后参考。(4)5个生育时期(拔节期、抽雄期、灌浆期、蜡熟期、完熟期)追施氮肥,结果发现在拔节期和大喇叭口期追施氮肥会降低纤维含量,提高秸秆中粗蛋白的含量和籽粒产量,通过对施肥时期、秸秆饲用品质以及产量做相关性分析,发现施肥时期与产量呈现极显著正相关。(5)不同时期不同品种施用不同水平的氮肥对秸秆饲用品质和籽粒产量的影响,随着施肥量的增加,秸秆中粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维的含量会先降低,但随着施肥量的持续增加,秸秆中的3项纤维含量又会升高,且在拔节期时变化较为显著,说明在拔节期对于品种追施适当的氮肥对于提高秸秆的饲用品质有较大的作用。而秸秆中粗蛋白的含量及玉米籽粒产量则会随着施氮量的增加而增加,但过高的施氮量则会降低秸秆中粗蛋白的含量及籽粒产量。通过对施氮水平、产量以及秸秆饲用品质三者做相关性分析,发现产量与酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维指标含量呈显著负相关,与秸秆中粗蛋白含量呈极显著正相关。综上所述,说明适当的生长时期追施氮肥可以降低秸秆中各类纤维的含量,提高秸秆中粗蛋白含量及玉米的产量,因而适当的生长时期施入适当的氮肥对于提高秸秆饲用品质和产量有较大的作用。(6)品种间秸秆粗蛋白和籽粒粗蛋白含量的比较中研究发现:玉米籽粒粗蛋白含量越高,秸秆粗蛋白含量越高,籽粒粗蛋白含量越低,秸秆中粗蛋白含量越低。
[Abstract]:Corn straw is the main feed source and silage raw material for ruminant livestock in China because its biological yield accounts for more than 50% of the whole maize plant. It plays an important role in promoting the development of animal husbandry. The feed quality of corn straw has a direct impact on the utilization value of straw resources. Straw crude protein content and grain crude protein content were compared. The accumulation rule of straw crude protein content was studied, and the feed quality and energy were determined to select the better varieties. The main results were as follows: (1) The crude protein content of each variety of corn stalk showed a downward trend at different stages, and the total accumulation of crude protein content of each variety of corn stalk showed a downward trend at different stages. Among the 5 cultivars of Huanong 887, Xianyu 335, Zhengdan 958, Xundan 20 and Pingyu 8, the change of Xundan 20 was the smallest, the change rate of accumulation was 16.551%, Pingyu 8 was the biggest, the change rate of accumulation was 18.532%. In the harvest period, Xianyu 335 (8.841%), Zhengdan 958 (8.465%) and Pingyu 8 (8.170%) had higher crude protein content. (2) Comparing 45 spring-sown and 25 summer-sown varieties, the results showed that: under the same planting conditions, spring-sown varieties were compared with four quality traits of corn straw (crude fiber CF, acid washing fiber ADF, neutral washing fiber NDF and crude protein CP), and three representative varieties were selected, Delun 98:CF (20.80%), ADF (26.32%), NDF (51.32%). 00%, CP (9.63%), CP (9.63%), Zhengdan958:CF (20.23%), ADF (24.95%), NDF (24.95%), NDF (51.57%), CP (8.68%), Denhai 618:CF (18.57%), ADF (22.42%),, NDF (51.23%), CP (8.80%), CP (9.63%), Zhengdan958:CF (18.57%), ADF (22.42%),, NDF (51.23%), CP (8.80.80%). Summsowing varieties also selected three representative varieties, XianYu335:CF (25.05:CF (25.01%),ADF (30.53%),NDF (45.58%, CP (45.58%),CP (45.58%, CP (6.24.NDF (55.79%), CP (7.30%), Jindan 52 No. 3: CF (31.40%), ADF (29.73%), NDF (63.13%) and CP (7.26%). The above varieties all reflect the characteristics of lower fiber and higher crude protein content in straw, which is more conducive to feeding. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer application at jointing stage and flaring stage could decrease fiber content and increase crude protein content and grain yield of the straw. The straw was fed at the stage of fertilization. The correlation analysis of quality and yield showed that there was a very significant positive correlation between fertilization period and yield. (5) The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on straw quality and grain yield at different stages of application of different varieties. With the increase of fertilizer application, the contents of crude fiber, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber in straw decreased at first, but the content of neutral detergent fiber decreased. With the continuous increase of fertilizer application, the content of three fibers in straw will increase again, and the change is more significant at jointing stage, which indicates that the application of appropriate nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage has a great effect on improving the feed quality of straw, while the content of crude protein in straw and the yield of corn grain will increase with the increase of nitrogen application. The results showed that the yield was negatively correlated with the content of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber, and positively correlated with the content of crude protein in straw. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer at suitable growth stage could reduce the content of fiber in straw, increase the content of crude protein in straw and the yield of maize, so the application of nitrogen fertilizer at suitable growth stage could improve the quality and yield of straw feed greatly. (6) The content of crude protein in straw and grain between varieties. The results showed that the higher the crude protein content in corn grain, the higher the crude protein content in straw, the lower the crude protein content in grain and the lower the crude protein content in straw.
【学位授予单位】：天津农学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S816;S548
本文编号：2235125
[Abstract]:Corn straw is the main feed source and silage raw material for ruminant livestock in China because its biological yield accounts for more than 50% of the whole maize plant. It plays an important role in promoting the development of animal husbandry. The feed quality of corn straw has a direct impact on the utilization value of straw resources. Straw crude protein content and grain crude protein content were compared. The accumulation rule of straw crude protein content was studied, and the feed quality and energy were determined to select the better varieties. The main results were as follows: (1) The crude protein content of each variety of corn stalk showed a downward trend at different stages, and the total accumulation of crude protein content of each variety of corn stalk showed a downward trend at different stages. Among the 5 cultivars of Huanong 887, Xianyu 335, Zhengdan 958, Xundan 20 and Pingyu 8, the change of Xundan 20 was the smallest, the change rate of accumulation was 16.551%, Pingyu 8 was the biggest, the change rate of accumulation was 18.532%. In the harvest period, Xianyu 335 (8.841%), Zhengdan 958 (8.465%) and Pingyu 8 (8.170%) had higher crude protein content. (2) Comparing 45 spring-sown and 25 summer-sown varieties, the results showed that: under the same planting conditions, spring-sown varieties were compared with four quality traits of corn straw (crude fiber CF, acid washing fiber ADF, neutral washing fiber NDF and crude protein CP), and three representative varieties were selected, Delun 98:CF (20.80%), ADF (26.32%), NDF (51.32%). 00%, CP (9.63%), CP (9.63%), Zhengdan958:CF (20.23%), ADF (24.95%), NDF (24.95%), NDF (51.57%), CP (8.68%), Denhai 618:CF (18.57%), ADF (22.42%),, NDF (51.23%), CP (8.80%), CP (9.63%), Zhengdan958:CF (18.57%), ADF (22.42%),, NDF (51.23%), CP (8.80.80%). Summsowing varieties also selected three representative varieties, XianYu335:CF (25.05:CF (25.01%),ADF (30.53%),NDF (45.58%, CP (45.58%),CP (45.58%, CP (6.24.NDF (55.79%), CP (7.30%), Jindan 52 No. 3: CF (31.40%), ADF (29.73%), NDF (63.13%) and CP (7.26%). The above varieties all reflect the characteristics of lower fiber and higher crude protein content in straw, which is more conducive to feeding. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer application at jointing stage and flaring stage could decrease fiber content and increase crude protein content and grain yield of the straw. The straw was fed at the stage of fertilization. The correlation analysis of quality and yield showed that there was a very significant positive correlation between fertilization period and yield. (5) The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on straw quality and grain yield at different stages of application of different varieties. With the increase of fertilizer application, the contents of crude fiber, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber in straw decreased at first, but the content of neutral detergent fiber decreased. With the continuous increase of fertilizer application, the content of three fibers in straw will increase again, and the change is more significant at jointing stage, which indicates that the application of appropriate nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage has a great effect on improving the feed quality of straw, while the content of crude protein in straw and the yield of corn grain will increase with the increase of nitrogen application. The results showed that the yield was negatively correlated with the content of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber, and positively correlated with the content of crude protein in straw. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer at suitable growth stage could reduce the content of fiber in straw, increase the content of crude protein in straw and the yield of maize, so the application of nitrogen fertilizer at suitable growth stage could improve the quality and yield of straw feed greatly. (6) The content of crude protein in straw and grain between varieties. The results showed that the higher the crude protein content in corn grain, the higher the crude protein content in straw, the lower the crude protein content in grain and the lower the crude protein content in straw.
【学位授予单位】：天津农学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S816;S548
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 李海亮;汪春;孙海天;严晓丽;梁琦;;农作物秸秆的综合利用与可持续发展[J];农机化研究;2017年08期
2 李婧;李玲玲;张立健;陈亮亮;谢军红;;氮肥用量对粮饲兼用玉米产量和饲用品质形成的影响[J];草业科学;2015年03期
3 权金鹏;孔吉有;邱进富;;玉米秸秆饲料化利用限制因素分析与关键技术控制[J];中国草食动物科学;2015年01期
4 陈树人;蒋成宠;姚勇;蒋晓霞;;水稻秸秆压块热值模型构建及其影响因子相关性分析[J];农业工程学报;2014年24期
5 赵爱娟;冯彩婷;周军华;;谷物燃烧热的测定研究[J];河南科学;2014年07期
6 隽英华;汪仁;孙文涛;邢月华;;春玉米产量、氮素利用及矿质氮平衡对施氮的响应[J];土壤学报;2012年03期
7 邹晓锦;张鑫;安景文;;氮肥减量后移对玉米产量和氮素吸收利用及农田氮素平衡的影响[J];中国土壤与肥料;2011年06期
8 路海;;青贮玉米秸秆发霉变黑的原因及解决措施[J];中国畜牧兽医文摘;2011年05期
9 郑伟;何萍;高强;沙之敏;金继运;;施氮对不同土壤肥力玉米氮素吸收和利用的影响[J];植物营养与肥料学报;2011年02期
10 刘苗;孙建;李立军;刘景辉;;不同施肥处理对粮饲兼用玉米品质及产量的影响[J];华北农学报;2010年06期
，本文编号：2235125
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shoufeilunwen/zaizhiyanjiusheng/2235125.html
