“生物耦联”养殖模式原位生态修复效果研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 10:13

【摘要】：本研究选取广东阳江海陵大堤附近一海水围塘,通过铺设海马齿生态浮床进行原位修复,并投放尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)、黄鳍鲷(Sparu latus)、鲻(Mugil cephalus)、泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)和近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis),构建“生物耦联”生态养殖模式。自2015年3月至2016年1月,以“生物耦联”生态养殖模式池塘为实验塘,以无海马齿浮床铺设的传统养殖池塘为对照塘,通过监测两种养殖模式池塘的水质、浮游动物群落和底栖动物群落的周期性变化,测定两种模式池塘的水产品品质,分析“生物耦联”养殖模式池塘的原位修复效果,旨在为推广经济效益与生态效益并重的生态养殖模式提供数据支撑和科学参考。1、基于“生物耦联”的生态养殖模式对水质和生物群落的修复效果结果表明:(1)实验塘的溶解氧DO和透明度值分别从2015年5月和7月份起明显高于对照塘,化学需氧量COD、总磷TP和亚硝基氮NO2--N自7月起显著低于对照塘(P0.05);到2016年1月份,实验塘水体中COD和TP的去除率分别为11.47%和55.77%,而总氮TN、氨氮NH4+-N和硝基氮NO3--N无明显去除效果。(2)实验塘浮游动物的全年密度优势种是桡足类,对照塘以轮虫为主要的优势种,包括壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionus urceus)、盖氏晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna girodi)和长足疣毛轮虫(Synchaeta longipes)等富营养化水体指示种;实验塘浮游动物群落的Shannon-wiener多样性指数H’和Margalef丰富度指数D从2015年7月份起显著高于对照塘(P0.05),故实验塘浮游动物多样性优于对照塘。(3)实验塘的底栖动物优势种主要是珠带拟蟹守螺(Cerithida cingulata)、粗纹吻状蛤(Nuculana yokoyamai)、多棱角螺幼体(Angulyagra polyzonata)、麦克蝶尾虫(Discapseddes mackiei)和中华蜾蠃蜚(Corophium sinensis),对照塘的主要优势种有奇异稚齿虫(Paraprionospio pinnata)、疣吻沙蚕(Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus)、日本刺沙蚕(Neanthes japonica)和背蚓虫(Notomastus latericeus);两个塘底栖动物群落的香农-威纳指数H’及丰富度D比较结果表明,从2015年7月份开始,实验塘的底栖动物群落多样性显著优于对照塘(P0.05)。(4)相关性分析结果显示,透明度、盐度、DO、COD、总磷TP、TN和NH4+-N是影响浮游动物群落结构的主导因子,底栖动物群落结构则受养殖水体的pH、DO、COD、TP、TN、NH4+-N的影响。“生物耦联”生态养殖模式有效地改善了养殖水体,同时浮游动物和底栖动物群落对水体环境变化产生了积极的响应,该养殖模式表现出良好的环境修复效能。2、基于“生物耦联”的生态养殖模式的水产品品质研究本研究采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)法测定了三种鱼的鳃、内脏和肌肉及两种贝类软体部中的镍Ni、铜Cu、锌Zn、镉Cd和铅Pb含量,进行食用安全性评价;另外,通过测定黄鳍鲷与尼罗罗非鱼肌肉的一般营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成,进行肌肉品质评价。结果显示:实验塘中所有水产品食用部分的重金属含量均未超过国家相关限量标准;而对照塘中牡蛎软体部的Cu和Cd含量及泥蚶软体部的Cd含量均超过了限量标准。尼罗罗非鱼、黄鳍鲷、鲻三种鱼肌肉的安全性评价结果显示,两种模式池塘鱼肉的摄入均不会对人体健康造成潜在威胁。实验塘中尼罗罗非鱼和黄鳍鲷肌肉的鲜味氨基酸含量均显著高于对照塘,且尼罗罗非鱼肌肉的必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量也显著高于对照塘(P0.05);实验塘两种鱼肌肉中粗蛋白和多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于对照塘,饱和脂肪酸含量显著低于对照塘(P0.05)。以上结果表明,实验塘两种鱼肌肉的营养价值显著高于对照塘,且肉质更加鲜美。
[Abstract]:In this study, a seawater enclosure near Hailing dyke in Yangjiang, Guangdong Province, was repaired in situ by laying an ecological floating bed with hippocampal teeth. Oreochromis niloticus, Sparu latus, Mugil cephalus, Tegillarca granosa and Crastrea riaris were used to construct an ecological coupling system. From March 2015 to January 2016, the aquatic products of the "bio-coupled" eco-culture ponds were measured by monitoring the water quality, the periodic changes of zooplankton community and benthic community of the two cultured ponds. The in-situ remediation effect of the "bio-coupling" culture model pond was analyzed to provide data support and scientific reference for popularizing the eco-culture model with both economic and ecological benefits. 1. The remediation effect of the eco-culture model based on "bio-coupling" on water quality and bio-community showed: (1) the dissolution of the experimental pond. The COD, TP and NO2 - N in the experimental pond were significantly lower than those in the control pond (P 0.05) since July, and the removal rates of COD and TP in the experimental pond were 11.47% and 55.77% respectively by January, 2016, while the removal rates of TN, NH4 + - N and NO3 - N in the experimental pond were not significant. (2) Copepods were the dominant species of zooplankton in the experimental pond, while rotifers were the dominant species in the control pond, including Brachionus urceus, Asplanchna girodi and Synchaeta longipes, which were indicators of eutrophic water bodies. The on-wiener diversity index H'and Margalef richness index D were significantly higher than those of the control pond (P 0.05) from July 2015, so the zooplankton diversity of the experimental pond was better than that of the control pond. (3) The dominant species of benthos in the experimental pond were Cerithida cingulata, Nuculana yokoyamai, and Anguly. Agra polyzonata, discapseddes mackiei and corophium sinensis were the dominant species in the control pond. Paraprionospio pinnata, Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus, Neanthes japonica and Notomastricus lateeus were the dominant species in the control pond. The results of Shannon-Wiener index H'and richness D showed that the benthic community diversity of the experimental pond was significantly better than that of the control pond from July 2015. (4) Correlation analysis showed that transparency, salinity, DO, COD, total phosphorus TP, TN and NH4 + - N were the dominant factors affecting the community structure of zooplankton, and benthic community formation. The structure was influenced by pH, DO, COD, TP, TN, NH4 + - N of the aquaculture water. The "bio-coupling" ecological aquaculture model effectively improved the aquaculture water, and the zooplankton and benthic community responded positively to the changes of the water environment. The aquaculture model showed good environmental restoration efficiency. 2. Eco-culture based on "bio-coupling" Studies on aquatic product quality in reproductive mode The contents of nickel, copper, zinc, zinc, cadmium, cadmium and lead in gills, viscera and muscles of three species of fish and two kinds of shellfish were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the food safety was evaluated. The results showed that the contents of heavy metals in the edible parts of all aquatic products in the experimental pond did not exceed the relevant national standards, while the contents of Cu and CD in the soft parts of oyster and Cd in the soft parts of clam in the control pond all exceeded the limits. The results of fish muscle safety assessment showed that the intake of fish meat in the two ponds did not pose a potential threat to human health. The contents of flavor amino acids in the muscle of Nile tilapia and Yellow-finned bream in the experimental ponds were significantly higher than those in the control ponds, and the contents of essential amino acids and total amino acids in the muscle of Nile tilapia were also significantly higher than those in the control ponds (P The contents of crude protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the muscle of two kinds of fish in the experimental pond were significantly higher than those in the control pond, and the contents of saturated fatty acids were significantly lower than those in the control pond (P 0.05).
【学位授予单位】：中山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S964

【参考文献】