土壤施用甲酸钙对桃树钙素吸收及果实品质的影响

发布时间：2018-09-12 10:36

【摘要】：近年来,果树钙素营养问题越来越引起人们的重视,许多果树因为缺钙而引发一系列的生理病害,而果树补钙可以有效的防治这些生理病害。研究发现,甲酸钙肥在补充作物钙素、防治缺钙引起的生理病害及改善果实品质方面具有一定作用,但有关土施甲酸钙对桃树补钙效果及果实品质影响的研究尚不多见。为此,本研究分别通过土壤施用甲酸钙肥和硝酸钙肥,探讨施用这两种钙肥对桃树补钙效果及其对果实品质的调控作用,以期为桃树科学施用钙肥提供参考。主要研究结果如下:1、与对照相比,T1、T2和T3处理果实单果重和产量分别提高了16.5%和27.1%、23.0%和30.7%,6.7%和20.6%,差异显著。在等钙量处理下,T1处理(硝酸钙肥施用量为120.7 kg/亩)与T2处理(甲酸钙肥施用量为66.5 kg/亩)对果实单果重和产量的影响差异不显著。施钙量加倍(T3处理,甲酸钙用量133.0 kg/亩)后,果实的单果重和产量出现下降趋势,与T2处理相比,果实的单果重和产量分别降低了7.9%和8.3%,差异显著。2、在果实品质方面,与对照相比,T1、T2和T3处理果实可溶性固形物含量分别提高了19.4%、30.7%和18.4%,可溶性糖含量分别提高了23.0%、31.2%以及18.6%,维生素C含量分别提高了40.7%、59.3%和26.9%,可滴定酸含量分别降低了26.3%、26.3%和12.5%,果实硬度分别提高了34.1%、35.5%以及54.3%,处理间差异显著。果实采收6天后,T1、T2和T3处理果实好果率分别为18.0%、27.0%和14.0%,对照处理的果实基本上全部腐烂变质;与T1相比,T2处理果实好果率提高了50.0%,差异显著。3、树体器官中钙的含量受钙肥影响较大,随着时间的推移,各处理叶片中钙的含量逐渐提高,在果实第二次膨大期最高,果实成熟期、采收后,叶片中钙的含量逐渐降低,但仍高于对照,差异显著。与对照相比,T1、T2和T3处理桃树叶片钙含量分别提高了17.4%、24.1%和11.0%,新梢钙含量分别提高了14.2%、19.7%和7.5%,果肉钙含量分别提高了34.1%、36.0%和22.7%,果皮钙含量分别提高了38.6%、51.2%和22.8%,处理间差异显著,说明甲酸钙处理对树体各器官的钙含量的影响要高于硝酸钙处理。施钙量加倍,树体开始产生毒害作用,与甲酸钙处理(T2)相比,树体各器官的钙含量开始降低,差异显著,说明过量的施用钙肥会影响到树体对钙素的吸收。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the problem of calcium nutrition in fruit trees. Many fruit trees have caused a series of physiological diseases due to calcium deficiency, and calcium supplementation in fruit trees can effectively prevent and cure these physiological diseases. It was found that calcium formate fertilizer had a certain role in supplementing crop calcium, preventing and curing physiological diseases caused by calcium deficiency and improving fruit quality. However, the effect of calcium formate application in soil on the effect of calcium supplementation and fruit quality of peach trees was still rare. In order to provide reference for the scientific application of calcium fertilizer in peach trees, this study discussed the effect of calcium supplementation and the regulation of fruit quality by applying calcium formate fertilizer and calcium nitrate fertilizer in soil. The main results were as follows: compared with the control, the fruit weight and yield of the treatments treated with T1T 2 and T 3 increased by 16.5% and 27.1C 23.0% and 30.7% and 20.6wt%, respectively, and the difference was significant. There was no significant difference in fruit weight and yield between the treatments of T1- (120.7 kg/ mu calcium nitrate fertilizer) and T2 (66.5 kg/ mu of calcium formate fertilizer) under the condition of equal calcium content. When the amount of calcium was doubled (T3 treatment, 133.0 kg/ mu calcium formate), the fruit weight and yield of fruit decreased by 7.9% and 8.3%, respectively, compared with T2 treatment, and the difference was significant in fruit quality. Compared with the control, the content of soluble solids increased by 30.7% and 18.4%, the content of soluble sugar increased 23.032% and 18.6%, the content of vitamin C increased 59.3% and 26.9%, and the titratable acid content decreased 26.326.3% and 18.6g, respectively. The fruit firmness was increased by 34.5% and 54.3%, respectively, and there was significant difference between the treatments. After 6 days of harvest, the rate of good fruit of T _ 1T _ 2 and T _ 3 treatments was 18.0% and 14.0%, respectively. Compared with T1, the rate of good fruit increased by 50.0, the difference was significant. The content of calcium in tree organs was greatly affected by calcium fertilizer. With the passage of time, the content of calcium in leaves of each treatment gradually increased, which was the highest in the second expansion period of fruit. The content of calcium in leaves decreased gradually after harvest, but it was still higher than that of control, and the difference was significant. Compared with the control, the calcium content in leaves of peach tree treated with T1T 2 and T 3 increased by 17.4% and 11.0%, respectively. The calcium content of new shoots increased by 14.2g% and 7.5%, respectively. The calcium content of pulp increased by 34.1% and 36.7%, and the content of pericarp increased by 38.60.52% and 22.8wt%, respectively. The effect of calcium formate treatment on calcium content in tree organs was higher than that on calcium nitrate treatment. Compared with the calcium formate treatment (T2), the calcium content of the organs of the tree began to decrease, and the difference was significant, indicating that excessive application of calcium fertilizer would affect the absorption of calcium in the tree.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S662.1

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