近自然经营对旺业甸森林灌草植物多样性影响的研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 10:59

【摘要】：近自然经营是目前森林经营研究的热点之一,开展近自然经营对物种多样性的研究,对森林生物多样性的保护具有非常重要的意义。本研究以燕山北麓人工油松林、人工华北落叶松林以及天然白桦林为研究对象,采用常规经营和未经营为对照,对近自然经营下林下灌草植物种类、多样性指数变化及草本多样性指数与枯落物、土壤的相关关系进行研究,结果如下:(1)从物种水平来看,近自然经营能够增加草本植物种类和数量,且人工油松林、人工华北落叶松林、天然白桦林下草本植物总种数均表现出一致的规律,为近自然经营常规经营未经营。此外,与未经营相比,经营措施能够增加林下的灌木的种类和数量。(2)从物种多样性指数来看,总体上近自然经营能够增加三种林分草本植物的多样性和丰富度,降低均匀度。人工油松中龄林下草本Shannon-Wiener指数(SH)近自然经营显著高于未经营,近熟林下草本Pielou均匀度指数(PL)未经营显著高于近自然经营;人工华北落叶松中龄林下草本Margalef丰富度指数(MR)近自然经营显著高于未经营;天然白桦近熟林下草本Pielou均匀度指数未经营显著高于近自然经营。(3)从草本多样性指数与枯落物、土壤的Pearson相关分析来看,人工华北落叶松幼龄林草本Pielou均匀度指数与土层10-20cm处的土壤容重、土壤最大持水量显著正相关或极显著负相关;天然白桦中龄林草本Pielou均匀度指数与土层10-20cm处土壤容重、土壤最大持水量显著负相关或正相关;人工油松近熟林草本Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson指数(SM)与半分解枯落物生物量显著负相关,土层10-20cm处毛管孔隙度与草本Pielou均匀度指数极显著负相关。综合以上研究结果,了解不同经营方式下林下植物物种多样性变化的规律,为华北地区森林经营方式的选择提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Near-nature management is one of the hotspots in forest management research. It is of great significance to study the species diversity of near-natural management for the protection of forest biodiversity. In this study, artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forest, artificial larch forest and natural birch forest at the northern foot of Yanshan Mountain were used as research objects. The variation of diversity index and the correlation between herbaceous diversity index and litter and soil were studied. The results are as follows: (1) from the species level, near-natural management can increase the species and quantity of herbaceous plants, and artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forest. The total number of herbaceous species under artificial larch forest and natural birch forest all showed the same law, which was not managed by conventional management. In addition, management measures can increase the species and number of shrubs under the forest. (2) from the species diversity index, the near natural management can increase the diversity and richness of three kinds of herbaceous plants, and reduce the evenness. The Shannon-Wiener index (SH) was significantly higher than that of the unmanaged herb in the middle age of artificial Pinus tabulaeformis stands, and the Pielou evenness index (PL) was significantly higher than that in the near natural management in the near mature forest. The Margalef richness index (MR) of undergrowth herbaceous plants in artificial larch stands was significantly higher than that in unmanaged forests, and the Pielou evenness index was significantly higher than that in natural Bai Hua forests. (3) the index of herbaceous diversity and litter was significantly higher than that of non-natural management. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the Pielou evenness index of young larch plantation was significantly positively correlated with soil bulk density and soil maximum water holding capacity of soil 10-20cm. There was a significant negative correlation between Pielou evenness index and soil bulk density and maximum soil water holding capacity in soil layer 10-20cm, and a significant negative correlation between Pielou evenness index (SM) and semi-decomposed litter biomass in the near mature forest of Pinus tabulaeformis. Capillary porosity in soil 10-20cm was negatively correlated with herbaceous Pielou evenness index. On the basis of the above results, we can understand the variation of plant species diversity under different management modes, and provide a theoretical basis for the selection of forest management modes in North China.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S750;S718.5

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