吉林省不同时期育成大豆品种叶片衰老生理特性的研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 16:14

【摘要】：为了探明吉林省不同时期育成的栽培大豆品种叶片衰老生理特性的变化,将1923年-2006年培育的大豆品种划分为四个时期,第一时期为1960年以前育成的、第二时期为1961年-1980年育成的、第三时期为1981年-2000年育成的和第四时期为2001年以后育成的,于2015年和2016年,在大豆R2(开花期)、R4(结荚期)、R6(鼓粒期)、R7(成熟期)测定其叶片光合参数及生理特性变化,探明不同时期育成大豆品种叶片衰老生理特性的变化规律,以期为调控延缓叶片的衰老,尤其是防止早衰发生,使之能持续地向籽粒运输光合产物,为产量提高,良种选育提供理论参考依据。研究结果如下:1.不同时期育成大豆品种叶片,在衰老过程中气体交换参数变化大豆随着生育时期的推进,从R2期到R6期,净光合速率表现为:第一时期第二时期第三时期第四时期,而R4-R7期净光合速率下降速度表现为:第一时期第二时期第三时期第四时期。不同时期育成大豆品种叶片蒸腾速率随着生育时期的推进呈现先升高后下降的变化趋势。R4期的蒸腾速率最大,之后开始逐渐下降,至R7期最小。不同时期育成大豆品种叶片气孔导度随着生育时期的推进呈现先升高后下降的变化趋势。R4期的气孔导度最大,之后开始逐渐下降,至成熟期最小。二者在下降速度均表现为:第一时期第二时期第三时期第四时期。2.不同时期育成大豆品种叶片叶绿素变化不同时期育成大豆品种叶绿素含量随着生育时期的推进呈现先升高后下降的变化趋势。在R4期最大,之后开始逐渐下降,至R7期最小。衰老过程中大豆品种叶片叶绿素降解速度表现为:第一时期第二时期第三时期第四时期。3.不同时期育成大豆品种叶面积变化不同时期育成大豆品种叶面积随着生育时期的推进呈现先升高后下降的变化趋势。第一,第二,第三时期育成大豆品种在R2期的叶面积最大,但第四时期育成大豆品种在R6期的叶面积最大,之后开始逐渐下降,R7期最小。大豆品种叶片光合作用有效叶面积表现为:第一时期第二时期第三时期第四时期。4.不同时期育成大豆品种叶片比叶重变化不同时期育成大豆品种叶片的比叶重随着生育时期的推进呈现先升高后下降的变化趋势。R6期的比叶重最大,之后开始逐渐下降,至R2期最小。同时比叶重下降速度表现为:第一时期第二时期第三时期第四时期。5.不同时期育成大豆叶片可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白变化第一、二时期育成大豆品种叶片可溶性糖含量随着生育时期的推进呈现先升高在下降后上升变化趋势,在R7期最大,至R6期最小。第三、四时期育成大豆品种叶片可溶性糖含量随着生育期的推进呈现逐渐升高变化趋势,在R7期的可溶性糖含量增至最大。第一、二时期育成大豆品种叶片可溶性蛋白含量随着生育时期的推进呈现先升高在下降变化趋势,在R4期的可溶性蛋白含量增至最大,至R7期最小。第三、四时期育成大豆品种叶片可溶性蛋白含量随着生育时期的推进呈现先升高在下降的变化趋势,在R6期的增至最大,至R7期降到最低。6.不同时期育成大豆叶片保护酶活性及丙二醛含量变化不同时期育成大豆品种叶片CAT,SOD活性随着生育期的推进呈现先升高再下降的变化趋势,在R7期SOD,CAT活性最小。不同时期育成大豆品种叶片保护酶活性均表现为:第一时期第二时期第三时期第四时期不同时期育成大豆品种叶片POD活性,MDA含量随着生育时期的推进呈现逐渐升高的变化趋势,在R7期的POD活性、MDA含量最大。不同时期育成大豆之间POD活性表现为第一时期第二时期第三时期第四时期,MDA表现为第一时期第二时期第三时期第四时期。
[Abstract]:In order to ascertain the changes of leaf senescence physiological characteristics of cultivated soybean varieties bred in different periods of Jilin Province, the soybean variety cultivated in 1923-2006 was divided into four periods, the first period was bred before 1960, and the second period was bred from 1961 to 1980. The third period was bred from 1981 to 2000 and was bred after 2001, and its leaf photosynthetic parameters and physiological characteristics were measured in soybean R2 (flowering stage), R4 (junction period), R6 (drum stage) and R7 (mature stage) in 2015 and 2016. The changes of leaf senescence physiological characteristics of soybean cultivars were studied in different periods, with a view to regulating the senescence of leaf senescence, especially to prevent the leaf senescence, so that it can continuously transport the leaf senescence products to the grain, thus providing theoretical reference for improving the yield and breeding fine varieties. The results of the study are as follows: 1. During the aging process, soybean variety leaves were bred in different periods. During the aging process, the change of the gas exchange parameters changed from R2 to R6, and the growth rate was expressed as follows: the fourth period of the third period of the second period of the first period, while the rate of decline in the growth rate of the R4-R7 stage was as follows: the fourth period of the third period of the second period of the first period. During different periods, the transpiration rate of soybean cultivars decreased with the advance of the growth period. The transpiration rate of R4 was the largest and then began to decrease gradually until R7 was the smallest. The results showed that the stomatal conductance of soybean variety was decreased after the increase of the growth period. The degree of stomatal conductance in R4 was the largest and then began to decrease gradually to the minimum in mature period. In the second period of the first period, the third period is the fourth period. The change trend of chlorophyll content in soybean variety at different period of different period was decreased with the advance of the growth period. At the maximum in R4 period, it began to drop gradually until R7 was the smallest. The rate of chlorophyll degradation of soybean variety leaves during the aging process is: the fourth period of the third period of the second period of the first period. The leaf area of soybean variety bred in different period of different period was changed in different period, and the change trend of leaf area of soybean variety decreased with the advance of the growth period. In the first, second and third periods, the leaf area of the soybean variety was the largest in the R2 period, but the leaf area of the soybean variety bred in the fourth period was the largest in the R6 period, and then began to decrease gradually, and the R7 period was the smallest. The effective leaf area of leaf photosynthesis in soybean variety is: the fourth period of the third period of the second period of the first period. Compared with leaf weight change, the leaf weight of soybean varieties at different periods was higher than that of leaves in different periods. The ratio of the R6 period was greater than the leaf weight, followed by a gradual decrease, to a minimum of R2. At the same time, the rate of decline of the leaf weight is: the fourth period of the third period of the second period of the first period. The soluble sugar and soluble protein of soybean leaves were bred in different periods. The soluble sugar content of soybean varieties grew at first and second periods. In the third and fourth periods, the soluble sugar content of soybean variety leaves increased gradually with the advance of growth period, and the soluble sugar content increased to the largest in R7 stage. During the first and second periods, the content of soluble protein in the leaves of soybean cultivars increased with the advance of the growth period, and the soluble protein content increased to the maximum in the R4 period, and the lowest in R7 stage. In the third and fourth periods, the content of soluble protein in leaves of soybean varieties increased with the advance of the growth period. The increase of soluble protein content in R6 period increased to the maximum and the lowest in R7 stage. CAT and SOD activity of soybean variety were raised during different period of soybean leaf protection enzyme activity and MDA content, and the activity of SOD and CAT in R7 period was the lowest. The results showed that POD activity and MDA content of soybean variety were increased gradually during the third period of the first period and the fourth period in the third period of the first period, and the POD activity in R7 stage was increased. The content of MDA was the largest. The activity of POD between growing soybean at different times is the fourth period of the third period of the second period of the first period, and the MDA shows the fourth period of the third period of the second period of the first period.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S565.1

【参考文献】