日光温室冬季土壤加热和空气加热效果研究
发布时间:2018-10-21 07:47
【摘要】:日光温室的温度(气温和土壤温度)调控在生产中尤为重要。对室作物安全越冬与周年生产具有明显影响。本研究对日光温室冬季土壤加热和热风炉空气加热进行研究,水体加热灌溉和秸秆反应堆加热对番茄生长、生理指标及产量的影响,以及对土壤环境、植株根系和产量的影响,分析不同热风炉的加热效果及经济效益。结果表明:(1)冬季灌溉水加热对日光温室越冬番茄生长的影响为了对比不同温度灌溉水对土壤温度的影响,将灌溉水加热至25℃、30℃、35℃和40℃与地下水(9℃)对比,分别灌溉不同温度水后可使Ocm、10cm 20cm、30cm深土壤温度分别提高 18.5℃-34.4℃,15.4℃-28.4℃,10.9℃-20.1℃,12.2℃-14.3℃。35℃水温对植株形态生理指标有显著影响,株高增加14.2%,茎粗增加12.6%,结果数增加49.2%,开花数增加36.8%,叶面积增加25.2%,叶绿素含量增加27.1%,总根长增加14.2%,根表面积增加21.1%,单果重增加27.4%,总产量增加16.35%,番茄红素增加36.9%,维C显增加6.1%,可溶性糖增加9.9%,总酸增加11.9%,水体加热系统投入成本最小1750元;运行成本相对较低237.6元/茬。(2)行下内置式秸秆反应堆加热对日光温室越冬番茄生长的影响通过对秸秆反应堆和35℃热水灌溉两种方式对土壤进行加热,与地下水9℃形成对。加热后室内土壤 0cm-30cm 处土壤平均温度 T1(16.6℃)T2(15.8℃)CK(14.4℃)。T1、T2 处理分别提高株高7.8%和14.2%、茎粗5.5%和13.3%、叶绿素含量13.3%和27.1%、结果数27.7%和49.2%、开花数14.7%和36.8%、叶面积12.1%和25.2%。增加总根长10.5%和10.7%、根表面积7.8%和8.4%、平均直径7.1%和12.5%、根系鲜重13.8%和16.3%、根系干重11.6%和14.4%。提高果实单果重20.0%和27.4%、小区产量8.2%和10.5%、总产量14.22%和16.35%、番茄红素CK35.7%和36.9%、维生素C 5.2%和6.1%、可溶性固形物29.0%、可溶性糖7.0%和9.9%、总酸11.9%和11.9%。T1、T2处理较CK在产值和净利润上都高于CK2050元和200元、1944元和344元。(3)几种热风炉加热对育苗温室环境的影响为了研究YK-200燃油型、CK-100甲醇型和NFL-500燃煤型热风炉的加热效果,将三种热风炉置于结构相同的温室Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ中,同时进行加热试验,其中平均温度温室Ⅰ最高,高出温室Ⅱ2.4℃,高出温室Ⅲ1.1℃,高出CK温室5.1℃。为了研究不同数量NFL-500燃煤型热风炉的加热效果,将1台热风炉和2台热风炉置于结构相同的R1和R2温室中进行加热对比试验,其中R2温室平均日耗煤量为R1温室的1.76倍,平均温度高于R1温室2.3℃,夜间加温次数减少1-2次。不同加温设备YK-200型、CK-100型、NFL-500型、电加热型和太阳能加热型一次性投入比为1:1:0.3:0.62:3.5;每667m~2FL-500型燃煤热风炉投入成本最小,日运行费用约为46.34 元/667m~2。
[Abstract]:The regulation of temperature (temperature and soil temperature) in solar greenhouse is particularly important in production. It has obvious influence on the safe wintering and annual production of indoor crops. The effects of water heating irrigation and straw reactor heating on tomato growth, physiological index and yield, soil environment, plant root system and yield were studied. The heating effect and economic benefit of different hot blast furnaces are analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the effects of winter irrigation water heating on the growth of overwintering tomato in solar greenhouse. In order to compare the effects of irrigation water at different temperatures on soil temperature, irrigation water was heated to 25 鈩,
本文编号:2284429
[Abstract]:The regulation of temperature (temperature and soil temperature) in solar greenhouse is particularly important in production. It has obvious influence on the safe wintering and annual production of indoor crops. The effects of water heating irrigation and straw reactor heating on tomato growth, physiological index and yield, soil environment, plant root system and yield were studied. The heating effect and economic benefit of different hot blast furnaces are analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the effects of winter irrigation water heating on the growth of overwintering tomato in solar greenhouse. In order to compare the effects of irrigation water at different temperatures on soil temperature, irrigation water was heated to 25 鈩,
本文编号:2284429
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