红寺堡区生态移民村庭院经济作物节水灌溉试验研究
发布时间：2018-10-25 14:13
【摘要】：针对宁夏中部干旱带红寺堡区水资源短缺、供需矛盾突出和庭院经济效益较低等问题,对庭院经济作物滴灌节水灌溉制度及种植模式进行了较为系统的研究,为宁夏中部干旱带庭院经济发展、农民增收和高效节水灌溉提供了理论依据和技术支撑。本文主要研究结果如下:1、采用正交试验设计,以灌水定额、纯氮量、纯磷量为影响因素,对滴灌条件下红枸杞产量、生长指标、生理指标等分析得出:灌水定额、纯氮量、纯磷量对红枸杞干果产量均有显著的影响,各因素对产量影响的大小顺序为灌水定额纯磷量纯氮量;枸杞干果产量随着灌水定额、纯磷量的增大而逐渐的增大,随着纯氮量的增大呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势;红寺堡区生态移民村红枸杞的水肥最优组合为灌水定额为13.5 m3.667m-2、纯氮量为52 kg.667m-2、纯磷量为39 kg.667m-2。2、采用正交试验设计,以灌水定额、纯氮量、纯磷量为影响因素,对滴灌条件下黑果枸杞产量、生长指标、生理指标等分析得出:灌水定额、纯氮量、纯磷量对黑果枸杞干果产量均有显著的影响,各因素对产量影响的大小顺序为灌水定额纯氮量纯磷量;枸杞干果产量随着灌水定额、纯磷量的增大而逐渐的增大,随着纯氮量的增大呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势;但纯磷量对新稍长度、新稍粗度及干果百粒重的影响不显著;红寺堡区生态移民村黑果枸杞的水肥最优组合为灌水定额为13.5m3.667m-2、纯氮量为52kg·667m-2、纯磷量为26kg·667m-2。3、采用单因素对比试验设计,对不同作物膜下滴灌节水灌溉制度进行了研究。通过对不同作物的生长指标、生理指标、产量及水分利用率等分析得出,在红寺堡干旱缺水条件下,不同作物较为适宜的灌溉制度为:辣椒、番茄的灌水定额为18 m3.667m-2,灌水次数为14,播前灌水定额为15 m3·667m-2;红薯的灌水定额为12 m3·667m-2,灌水次数为15,播前灌水定额为17 m3·667m-2;马铃薯的灌水定额为12 m3.667m-2,灌水次数为12,播前灌水定额为16 m3.667m-2;玉米的灌水定额为30m3·667m-2,灌水次数为6,播前灌水定额为33m3.667m-2。4、根据2016年红寺堡区生态移民村的庭院作物种植情况的调查研究,针对当地实际情况,建立了以经济效益和节水效益为目标的种植结构模型,利用模糊折中规划的方法将多目标函数问题转化成单目标函数问题,采用模糊偏好方法确定不同目标函数之间的重要性,运用matlab软件进行求解,得出了庭院经济作物的最优种植结构方案。
[Abstract]:In view of the shortage of water resources, the contradiction between supply and demand and the low economic benefit of courtyard in Hongsibao district of central Ningxia, the drip irrigation and water-saving irrigation system and planting pattern of courtyard cash crops were studied systematically. It provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of courtyard economy, the increase of farmers' income and the efficient water-saving irrigation in the arid zone of central Ningxia. The main results of this paper are as follows: 1. By orthogonal design, with irrigation quota, pure nitrogen and pure phosphorus as the influencing factors, the yield, growth index and physiological index of Lycium barbarum under drip irrigation condition were analyzed and obtained: irrigation quota, pure nitrogen quantity, etc. The effect of pure phosphorus content on dry fruit yield of Lycium barbarum L. was significant, and the order of effect of each factor on yield was irrigation quota, pure phosphorus content, pure nitrogen content, dry fruit yield of Lycium barbarum L. increased gradually with the increase of irrigation quota, the yield of pure phosphorus increased gradually with the increase of irrigation quota, and the amount of pure phosphorus increased gradually with the increase of irrigation quota. The optimum combination of water and fertilizer of Rhizoma Lycium barbarum in ecological migration village of Hongsipu district was as follows: irrigation quota was 13.5 m3.667m-2, pure nitrogen was 52 kg.667m-2, pure phosphorus was 39 kg.667m-2.2, orthogonal design was used to irrigate water quota. The yield, growth index and physiological index of Lycium barbarum L. under drip irrigation were analyzed. The results showed that irrigation quota, pure nitrogen content and pure phosphorus content had significant effects on dry fruit yield of black fruit wolfberry. The order of the effect of each factor on yield was irrigation quota, pure nitrogen and pure phosphorus, and the yield of Lycium barbarum dry fruit increased gradually with the increase of irrigation quota, and then decreased with the increase of pure nitrogen. The optimum combination of water and fertilizer of black fruit Lycium barbarum was 13.5m3.667m-2 for irrigation, 52kg 667m-2 for pure nitrogen and 26kg 667m-2.3 for pure phosphorus. The single factor comparative experiment design was used, and the effect of pure phosphorus on the length, diameter and weight of dried fruit was not significant. The optimum combination of water and fertilizer was 13.5m3.667m-2, and the pure nitrogen was 52kg 667m-2and the pure phosphorus was 26kg 667m-2.3.The optimum combination of water and fertilizer was 13.5m3.667m-2, and the pure phosphorus was 667m-2.3. The water-saving irrigation system of drip irrigation under different crops was studied. Through the analysis of growth index, physiological index, yield and water use efficiency of different crops, it is concluded that under the condition of drought and water shortage in Hongsibao, the more suitable irrigation system for different crops is: pepper. The irrigation quota of tomato is 18m3.667m-2, the irrigation frequency is 14, the irrigation quota is 15m3 667m-2 before sowing, the irrigation quota of sweet potato is 12m3 667m-2, the irrigation frequency is 15, the irrigation quota before sowing is 17 m3 667m-2, the irrigation quota of potato is 12m3.667m-2, the irrigation frequency is 12m 3, and the irrigation frequency is 12m 3 before sowing. The water quota is 16m3.667m-2, the irrigation quota of maize is 30m3 667m-2, the irrigation frequency is 6, and the irrigation quota before sowing is 33m3.667m-2.4. According to the local actual situation, the planting structure model with the goal of economic benefit and water-saving benefit is established, and the multi-objective function problem is transformed into the single-objective function problem by using the fuzzy compromise programming method. The importance of different objective functions was determined by using fuzzy preference method. The optimal planting structure scheme of garden cash crops was obtained by using matlab software.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S274
[Abstract]:In view of the shortage of water resources, the contradiction between supply and demand and the low economic benefit of courtyard in Hongsibao district of central Ningxia, the drip irrigation and water-saving irrigation system and planting pattern of courtyard cash crops were studied systematically. It provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of courtyard economy, the increase of farmers' income and the efficient water-saving irrigation in the arid zone of central Ningxia. The main results of this paper are as follows: 1. By orthogonal design, with irrigation quota, pure nitrogen and pure phosphorus as the influencing factors, the yield, growth index and physiological index of Lycium barbarum under drip irrigation condition were analyzed and obtained: irrigation quota, pure nitrogen quantity, etc. The effect of pure phosphorus content on dry fruit yield of Lycium barbarum L. was significant, and the order of effect of each factor on yield was irrigation quota, pure phosphorus content, pure nitrogen content, dry fruit yield of Lycium barbarum L. increased gradually with the increase of irrigation quota, the yield of pure phosphorus increased gradually with the increase of irrigation quota, and the amount of pure phosphorus increased gradually with the increase of irrigation quota. The optimum combination of water and fertilizer of Rhizoma Lycium barbarum in ecological migration village of Hongsipu district was as follows: irrigation quota was 13.5 m3.667m-2, pure nitrogen was 52 kg.667m-2, pure phosphorus was 39 kg.667m-2.2, orthogonal design was used to irrigate water quota. The yield, growth index and physiological index of Lycium barbarum L. under drip irrigation were analyzed. The results showed that irrigation quota, pure nitrogen content and pure phosphorus content had significant effects on dry fruit yield of black fruit wolfberry. The order of the effect of each factor on yield was irrigation quota, pure nitrogen and pure phosphorus, and the yield of Lycium barbarum dry fruit increased gradually with the increase of irrigation quota, and then decreased with the increase of pure nitrogen. The optimum combination of water and fertilizer of black fruit Lycium barbarum was 13.5m3.667m-2 for irrigation, 52kg 667m-2 for pure nitrogen and 26kg 667m-2.3 for pure phosphorus. The single factor comparative experiment design was used, and the effect of pure phosphorus on the length, diameter and weight of dried fruit was not significant. The optimum combination of water and fertilizer was 13.5m3.667m-2, and the pure nitrogen was 52kg 667m-2and the pure phosphorus was 26kg 667m-2.3.The optimum combination of water and fertilizer was 13.5m3.667m-2, and the pure phosphorus was 667m-2.3. The water-saving irrigation system of drip irrigation under different crops was studied. Through the analysis of growth index, physiological index, yield and water use efficiency of different crops, it is concluded that under the condition of drought and water shortage in Hongsibao, the more suitable irrigation system for different crops is: pepper. The irrigation quota of tomato is 18m3.667m-2, the irrigation frequency is 14, the irrigation quota is 15m3 667m-2 before sowing, the irrigation quota of sweet potato is 12m3 667m-2, the irrigation frequency is 15, the irrigation quota before sowing is 17 m3 667m-2, the irrigation quota of potato is 12m3.667m-2, the irrigation frequency is 12m 3, and the irrigation frequency is 12m 3 before sowing. The water quota is 16m3.667m-2, the irrigation quota of maize is 30m3 667m-2, the irrigation frequency is 6, and the irrigation quota before sowing is 33m3.667m-2.4. According to the local actual situation, the planting structure model with the goal of economic benefit and water-saving benefit is established, and the multi-objective function problem is transformed into the single-objective function problem by using the fuzzy compromise programming method. The importance of different objective functions was determined by using fuzzy preference method. The optimal planting structure scheme of garden cash crops was obtained by using matlab software.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S274
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 潘永霞;田军仓;沈晖;马波;张会梅;;膜下滴灌水量对谷子光合作用及水分利用效率影响[J];节水灌溉;2016年05期
2 张昊;郝春雷;孟繁盛;慈艳华;郑伟;张丽研;边丽梅;董U，
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