设施马铃薯芽栽技术研究

发布时间：2018-11-18 14:02

【摘要】：为提高马铃薯产量,保持马铃薯种性,突破传统栽培模式,探索新型栽培方式,本文主要以4份早熟马铃薯品种为试验材料,在设施大棚内进行小区试验,研究了马铃薯薯芽直栽和育苗栽培两种栽培方式对马铃薯生育期内生长指标、生理指标、产量及品质的影响状况,以期为马铃薯栽培生产提供有效依据和技术指导。主要结果如下:1.利用马铃薯薯芽直栽试验中,各处理出苗率较高,均达90%以上。不同长度薯芽进行直栽栽培试验中,选取马铃薯薯顶部位培育出的长度为10cm±1cm、15cm±1cm、20cm±1cm的薯芽进行直栽,出苗率15cm直栽10cm直栽20cm直栽芽块直播;但在株高、茎粗、光合参数及产量测定数值上,20cm直栽15cm直栽10cm直栽芽块直播,但15cm薯芽与20cm薯芽处理间差异较小;综合薯芽长度长失水严重、成活率低等问题,同时保证产量的前提下15cm±1cm薯芽更有利于马铃薯薯芽直栽栽培。2.不同部位马铃薯薯芽进行直栽栽培处理中,选择薯芽长度均为15cm±1cm的薯顶芽、薯中芽、薯尾芽进行,比较分析得出,所有供试品种在马铃薯植株苗期及生长期的各项指标测定中表现为薯顶芽直栽处理薯中芽直栽处理薯尾芽直栽处理芽块直播处理(CK),出苗率和根系活力除外。各处理与对照均呈显著性差异,产量表现尤为显著,以薯顶芽直栽处理最优。因此在马铃薯薯芽直栽研究中,薯顶芽直栽更为有效。3.不同长度薯芽营养钵育苗栽培,选取薯顶芽部位3cm±0.5cm、5cm±0.5cm、7cm±0.5cm长度的薯芽进行试验,4份供试品种在苗期和植株生长期各测定指标的数值中均表现为7cm育苗5cm育苗3cm育苗薯块育苗(CK),但在最终产量表现上7cm育苗栽培处理与5cm育苗栽培处理相比,无显著差异,综合马铃薯薯芽成活率、数量、生长时间、后期管理等因素,选择5cm±0.5cm长度的薯芽进行营养钵育苗更为简便快捷。4.不同部位薯芽育苗栽培中,利用薯顶、薯中、薯尾培育的5cm±0.5cm长度的薯芽进行栽培,各处理在试验过程中壮苗指数、净光合速率、干物质分配率、产量等重要指标中均表现为薯顶芽育苗栽培最优,其次是薯中芽育苗栽培,再次是薯尾芽育苗栽培,最后为薯块育苗栽培。因此不同部位薯芽比较分析得出,薯顶芽更适于营养钵育苗栽培。
[Abstract]:In order to improve potato yield, maintain potato seed quality, break through the traditional cultivation mode and explore new cultivation methods, four early maturing potato varieties were used as experimental materials in this paper. The effects of two cultivation methods on potato growth index, physiological index, yield and quality during potato growing period were studied in order to provide effective basis and technical guidance for potato cultivation. The main results are as follows: 1. In the experiment of potato bud cultivation, the emergence rate of each treatment was higher than 90%. In the experiment of direct cultivation of potato buds of different lengths, the tuber buds with the length of 10cm 卤1 cm ~ (15) cm 卤1 cm ~ (-1) ~ (-1) cm ~ (-1) ~ (20) cm 卤1cm were selected for direct cultivation, and the emergence rate of 15cm was directly planted with 10cm, and the 20cm bud was directly seeded. However, in terms of plant height, stem diameter, photosynthetic parameters and yield, direct seeding of 10cm directly cultured with 20cm and 15cm, but there was little difference between 15cm tuber bud and 20cm tuber bud treatment. The length loss of water and the survival rate of potato bud were serious, and 15cm 卤1cm tuber bud was more favorable for potato bud cultivation under the premise of guaranteed yield. 2. In the direct cultivation of potato bud of different parts, the apical bud, middle bud and tail bud of potato bud with length of 15cm 卤1cm were selected, and the results were compared and analyzed. All the tested varieties were tested in the seedling stage and growth stage of potato. The results showed that the emergence rate of (CK), and root vigor were not the exception of the direct cultivation of the terminal bud of the potato and the treatment of the direct planting of the bud of the tail bud of the potato in the direct seeding of the bud of the tail bud of the potato. There were significant differences between the treatments and the control, especially in the yield, and the best treatment was the direct cultivation of the terminal bud of the potato. Therefore, in the direct cultivation of potato bud, it is more effective to plant the terminal bud of potato. The tuber buds of 3cm 卤0.5 cm ~ (5) cm 卤0.5 cm ~ (-1) cm ~ (7) cm 卤0.5cm length were selected for seedling cultivation in nutrient bowl with different length of tuber buds. In the seedling stage and plant growth stage, all the four tested varieties showed (CK), for 5cm seedling raising with 7cm and (CK), for 3cm seedling raising, but compared with 5cm seedling cultivation treatment, 7cm seedling cultivation treatment was compared with 5cm seedling cultivation treatment in the final yield performance. There was no significant difference in the survival rate, number, growth time and later management of potato bud. It was easier and faster to select 5cm 卤0.5cm length tuber bud for seedling raising in nutritious bowl. 4. In the cultivation of different parts of potato bud, the 5cm 卤0.5cm length of tuber bud cultivated in the top of the potato, the tuber and the tail of the potato were used to culture. The seedling strength index, net photosynthetic rate and dry matter distribution rate of each treatment in the process of experiment were analyzed. The yield and other important indexes were as follows: the cultivation of terminal bud was the best, the second was the cultivation of bud in the middle of the potato, the second was the cultivation of the tail bud of the potato, and the last was the cultivation of the seedling with the tuber block. Therefore, the comparative analysis of different parts of potato bud shows that the terminal bud of potato is more suitable for seedling cultivation in nutritive bowl.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S532

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