中国乡村社区常用绿化树种组成和多样性初步研究

发布时间：2018-11-22 08:16

【摘要】：作为乡村生态系统重要的组成部分,乡村社区绿化树种在乡村生物多样性的保护与生态系统功能维持中起到重要作用。然而,快速城镇化和工业化给乡村绿化树种的保存和持续利用带来了严峻挑战,造成部分本地树种流失。因此,对亟待进行我国乡村社区常用绿化树种组成和多样性的调查分析,摸清本地的相关问题,提出相应的对策和措施。本研究通过对中国范围内299个乡村社区进行问卷调查,统计了中国乡村社区常用绿化树种组成,在此基础上,以房干等4个村庄为案例村庄进行了乡村树种组成和多样性的群落精查研究,在全国、区域和单个乡村尺度上对乡村社区绿化树种的科属组成、树种来源、树种功能等进行了系统分析。结果表明:在全国尺度,乡村社区首选的常用绿化树种总计113种(含变种),分属于53个科,87个属,其中果树种类较多,杨树应用最广;在区域尺度,不同地区间树种丰富度和种类组成都存在较大差异,华东地区的树种丰富度较高;在乡村尺度,树种丰富度和均匀度受到乡村植被本地、人工干预程度、产业发展模式等多种因素的影响,但人工干预度低的村庄保存了相对多的原生树种;外来树种在不同尺度上都占有一定的比率,部分外来树种应用范围较大。基于研究结果,探讨了我国乡村社区树种保护和可持续利用面临的主要问题,提出了乡村社区绿化树种的应用和保护建议。本文的研究结果对于我国乡村社区绿地规划设计和生态环境保护中的树种配置、保护和可持续利用具有参考和指导意义。
[Abstract]:As an important part of rural ecosystem, greening tree species in rural communities play an important role in the protection of rural biodiversity and the maintenance of ecosystem functions. However, rapid urbanization and industrialization have brought severe challenges to the conservation and sustainable utilization of green tree species in rural areas, resulting in the loss of some local tree species. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate and analyze the composition and diversity of common greening tree species in rural communities of our country, to find out the local problems, and to put forward the corresponding countermeasures and measures. Based on a questionnaire survey of 299 rural communities in China, the composition of common greening trees in rural communities in China was analyzed. Four villages such as Fanggan and other villages were taken as case studies to investigate the community composition and diversity of tree species in rural areas. The family and genus composition and tree species source of greening trees in rural communities were studied at the national, regional and individual rural scales. The function of tree species was systematically analyzed. The results showed that, on the national scale, 113 species (including varieties) of common greening trees were selected in rural communities, belonging to 53 families and 87 genera, among which there were more fruit trees, and poplar trees were the most widely used. On the regional scale, the species richness and species composition are different in different regions, and the species richness is higher in East China. On the rural scale, the richness and evenness of tree species are affected by many factors, such as the local vegetation, the degree of artificial intervention, the mode of industrial development, etc. Exotic tree species account for a certain proportion on different scales, and some exotic species have a large application range. Based on the research results, the main problems of tree species conservation and sustainable utilization in rural communities in China are discussed, and the application and protection suggestions of greening tree species in rural communities are put forward. The results of this paper are of reference and guidance significance for the planning and design of green space in rural communities and the allocation, protection and sustainable utilization of tree species in the ecological environment protection of rural communities in China.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S731.7

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