番茄砧木氮素利用能力评价及对氮素吸收利用效率的影响

发布时间：2018-11-23 08:59

【摘要】：本研究在对25份番茄砧木材料进行氮素利用能力鉴定评价基础上,选择不同氮素利用能力的砧木进行嫁接栽培,测试不同砧木嫁接番茄在不同施氮水平下的生长发育、产量品质、光能利用特性及氮代谢差异,主要研究结果如下:1.不同供氮水平条件下,25份番茄砧木材料的株高、茎粗、根、茎、叶干重、含氮量等均存在显著差异,其氮吸收量、氮肥偏生产力和氮素利用效率也显著不同,以番茄砧木氮素利用效率为统计参数进行聚类分析表明,3个供氮水平下均可将供试番茄砧木氮利用效率分为高、中、低3类,且在中氮、低氮水平下的聚类结果一致,但高氮水平下的聚类结果显示高氮利用效率的材料显著增加,以氮肥偏生产力和氮吸收量为统计参数聚类结果与氮素利用效率基本一致。综合分析得出,‘TMS-150’材料的氮素利用能力较强,‘0301111’和‘影武者’材料的氮素利用能力较弱,其他材料居中。2.不同砧木嫁接番茄生长量、产量和品质均比接穗‘金棚1号’自根苗有所提高。以‘TMS-150’、‘0301111’为砧木的嫁接番茄单果重分别比自根苗提高了53.64%、26.58%,单株产量分别提高了45.46%、24.68%,嫁接番茄果实可溶性糖、Vc等含量也显著高于自根苗。番茄株高、茎粗、根、茎、叶、果鲜重、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量均以施N 40 kg/667 m2为好,减少或增加氮肥用量均导致生长量、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量降低,但果实Vc、有机酸和番茄红素含量则随氮素用量的增加呈下降趋势。3.嫁接番茄叶片色素含量、净光合速率、实际光化学效率、最大光化学效率均较自根苗显著提高,但低温季节均呈下降趋势,尤以1月份较低;番茄叶片Pn和Gs的日变化均呈单峰曲线变化。氮肥处理番茄叶片色素含量、光合速率和荧光参数值均以施N 40 kg/667 m2最高,减施或过量施氮均导致光合利用能力下降。N20、N40、N60光合参数Pn和Gs的日变化呈单峰曲线,而N0的Pn和Gs呈双峰曲线,出现光合“午休”。4.嫁接番茄叶片的GS、GOGAT、GDH活性增强,硝态氮、铵态氮、游离氨基酸态氮、蛋白氮含量增加,均以氮素利用能力较强的砧木‘TMS-150’嫁接苗较高,氮素利用能力较弱的‘0301111’嫁接苗次之,自根苗较低;氮代谢关键酶活性随生长季节变化而不同,低温季节较低,但氮代谢关键组分含量则随生长的进行逐渐升高。氮代谢关键酶活性和关键组分含量均随氮素用量的增加而增加,以施N 40 kg/667 m2为好,继续增加至60 kg/667 m2则表现下降。5.不同砧木嫁接提高了番茄的氮素利用能力,植株根、茎、叶含氮量、氮吸收量、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率和氮肥利用效率均以氮素利用能力较强的砧木‘TMS-150’嫁接苗较高,显著高于氮素利用能力较弱的‘0301111’嫁接苗,二者的氮吸收量分别比自根苗提高了63.77%和32.97%,氮肥偏生产力分别提高45.47%、25.83%,氮肥农学效率分别提高63.35%、44.99%,氮肥利用效率分别提高37.36%、21.04%。番茄氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率和氮肥利用效率随氮素用量的增加而下降,但植株根、茎、叶含氮量、氮吸收量则以施N 40 kg/667 m2较好。
[Abstract]:On the basis of the identification and evaluation of the nitrogen utilization ability of the 25 tomato stock materials, the rootstock with different nitrogen utilization capability is selected to be grafted and cultivated, and the growth and development and the yield quality of the different stock grafting tomatoes under different nitrogen application levels are tested, The light energy utilization characteristics and the nitrogen metabolism difference, the main results are as follows: 1. Under the condition of different nitrogen supply levels, there were significant differences in the plant height, stem size, root, stem, leaf dry weight and nitrogen content of 25 tomato stock materials, and the nitrogen uptake, the nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity and the nitrogen utilization efficiency were also significantly different. The results of cluster analysis of the nitrogen use efficiency of tomato stock showed that the nitrogen utilization efficiency of the test tomato stock can be divided into high, middle and low 3 classes at the three nitrogen supply levels, and the results of the clustering of the nitrogen and low nitrogen in the middle and low nitrogen levels are the same. The results showed that the nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen uptake were the same as the nitrogen utilization efficiency. in a comprehensive analysis, TMS-150 'the nitrogen utilization ability of the material is strong, No. 0301111' and a photo of a martial artist. the nitrogen utilization ability of the material is weak, and other materials are in the middle. The growth, yield and quality of the grafted tomato in different rootstocks were higher than that of the cion. Gold shed No. 1 'and the self-rooted seedlings are improved. to TMS-150', No. 0301111 'The single fruit weight of the grafted tomato was 53. 64%, 26. 58%, respectively. The yield of single plant was increased by 45. 46%, 24. 68%, and the content of soluble sugar and Vc of the grafted tomato was significantly higher than that of the root. The content of tomato strain, stem, root, stem, leaf, fruit, soluble sugar and soluble protein was 40 kg/ 667m2, the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar decreased, but the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar decreased, but the fruit Vc, The content of organic acid and lycopene decreased with the increase of nitrogen content. The pigment content, net photosynthetic rate, actual photochemical efficiency and maximum photochemical efficiency of the grafted tomato were higher than that of the root, but the low temperature season showed a downward trend, especially in January. The diurnal variation of Pn and Gs of tomato leaves showed a unimodal curve. The content of the pigment, the photosynthetic rate and the fluorescence parameter of the tomato leaf were the highest with the application of N 40kg/ 667m2, and the decrease of the photosynthetic utilization ability was caused by the application of N 40kg/ 667m2. The diurnal variation of Pn and Gs of N20, N40 and N60 showed a unimodal curve, while the Pn and Gs of N0 showed a double-peak curve, and the photosynthetic 鈥渘oon break鈥，

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