施肥对泡桐人工林土壤养分与微生物功能多样性影响
发布时间：2018-12-08 13:16
【摘要】：泡桐我国重要的乡土速生材树种之一,商业化栽培于黄淮海平原等暖温带区域,然而,在亚热带地区泡桐仅为四旁绿化树种,未形成规模化种植;近年来,在湖南等亚热带区域已有商业化种植泡桐的需求,然而,如何评价亚热带区域泡桐林人工林地土壤养分、土壤微生物丰缺状况,是目前泡桐林养分管理中亟待解决的关键性技术性难题之一。为了探讨有机肥、复混肥与专用肥对泡桐人工林土壤养分以及微生物功能多样性影响,本文选取了湖南省湘阴县、茶陵县泡桐人工林作为研究对象,布置了泡桐人工林肥料效应施肥试验,测定了不同施肥处理下泡桐生长状况、土壤养分特征及其动态变化,并采用BIOLOG-ECO微生物生态板法测定了泡桐林地土壤微生物功能多样性指数,通过相关性分析法、主成分分析法和土壤质量评价指数法等方法,探讨了不同施肥措施下,泡桐人工林土壤微生物功能特征及土壤肥力质量,拟为亚热带区域泡桐人工林种植与施肥提供理论依据,具体结论如下:(1)施用泡桐专用肥能显著提高泡桐的胸径年增长量,其肥效显著高于有机肥、复混肥和对照处理。其中不施肥泡桐胸径年增长量为0.67cm,有机肥处理下增长量为0.68cm,复混肥略优于有机肥为0.71cm,施用专用肥的泡桐增长量最大,达到1.01cm。说明施用专用肥对泡桐生长有显著促进作用。(2)土壤微生物功能多样性结果显示碳源利用率:专用肥复混肥有机肥不施肥。施用专用肥的土壤对微生物需求的营养结构最优,主要表现在羧酸类(增长量23.1%)和糖类碳水化合物(10.9%),复混肥也显著促进糖类(10.7%)、羧酸类(7.7%)增长;有机肥对糖类、胺类有促进作用,但抑制了氨基酸的转化;微生物可利用的聚合物、酚酸类与施肥无关,其中复混肥有显著抑制酚酸类的合成。(3)泡桐土壤养分与养分吸收动态变化特征,土壤全氮含量在夏季最高,含量为1.67g/kg,叶样中氮元素为春季最高,含量为38.27g/kg;土壤有效磷含量随季节变化逐渐降低,而叶样中磷元素含量比较稳定,但与土壤中全磷、有效磷含量都呈显著正相关(p0.05);土壤速效钾含量随季节变化波动较大,叶样中钾元素在秋季显著下降。其中土壤全钾与速效钾无相关性(p0.05),而土壤全磷与有效磷呈显著相关(p0.05)。(4)三种施肥下泡桐人工林土壤粘粒含量显著高于对照处理,相比较对照处理,三种施肥下砂砾含量均减少了 3%～4%,粘粒含量增长了约7%,其中施用专用肥提高最为显著达,达到7.8%,说明施肥优化了土壤的组成结构。(5)微生物功能多样性对泡桐生长产生了显著影响,施用专用肥的微生物功能多样性指数(H=4.25)显著高于不施肥(H=3.85),其中植物样的叶绿素与多样性指数呈极显著相关(α=0.801),与均匀度指数也达到了显著相关水平(α=0.511)。同时,微生物功能多样性指数也与泡桐树生长量呈较显著的正相关(α=0.5)。说明施肥改善了微生物群落的生存环境,优化了土壤养分整体结构,促进了泡桐对土壤养分的吸收,加快了泡桐树的生长。(6)不同施肥下泡桐人工林土壤、植物样、微生物多样性、泡桐长势等综合分析,泡桐人工林土壤肥力结果显示:专用肥显著高于其他三组处理,单施有机肥和复混肥可以短暂提高土壤的个别指标的含量,但综合肥力相对对照样地并没有显著提高,有机肥处理下综合肥力指标下降了。其中影响因子分布由大到小:土壤全磷、有效磷、有机质、速效钾、有效锰;pH、有效锌、有效钙、粘粒组成含量;有效镁、微生物多样性指数、全钾、阳离子交换量等。所以,对泡桐人工林影响最大的还是土壤中磷元素,在施肥时可优先考虑。
[Abstract]:Paulownia is one of the most important local fast-growing wood species in China, and is commercial cultivated in the warm temperate regions such as the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. However, in the subtropical region, the paulownia is only four-side greening tree species, and large-scale planting is not formed; in recent years, It is one of the key technical problems to be solved urgently in the nutrient management of Paulownia forest in order to evaluate the soil nutrient and soil microbial abundance in the subtropical region of Hunan and other subtropical regions. In order to study the effects of organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and special fertilizer on the soil nutrient and microbial function of paulownia plantation, this paper chooses the paulownia plantation in Xiangyin County of Hunan Province as the research object, and arranges the fertilizer effect fertilization test of Paulownia plantation. The growth status of paulownia under different fertilization treatments, the soil nutrient characteristics and their dynamic changes were measured, and the diversity index of soil microbial function in Paulownia was determined by BIOLOG-ECO microbial ecological plate method, and the method of correlation analysis, principal component analysis and soil quality evaluation index method were adopted. The characteristics of soil microbial function and the quality of soil fertility of Paulownia fortunei plantation under different fertilization measures are discussed. The theoretical basis for planting and fertilization of Paulownia fortunei plantation in subtropical region is proposed, and the concrete conclusion is as follows: (1) The application of special fertilizer for paulownia can significantly improve the annual growth of the DBH of Paulownia fortunei. The fertilizer efficiency is obviously higher than that of the organic fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the control. In this paper, the annual growth of the non-fertilizing paulownia is 0.67cm, the growth of the organic fertilizer is 0.68cm, the compound fertilizer is slightly superior to that of the organic fertilizer, and the growth amount of the paulownia for the application of the special fertilizer is 1. 01cm. The application of special fertilizer on the growth of paulownia was indicated. and (2) the soil microbial function diversity results show that the utilization rate of the carbon source is that the special fertilizer compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are not fertilized. The nutrient structure of the soil for the application of the special fertilizer is the best for the microbial demand, which is mainly manifested in the acid (growth amount of 23. 1%) and the carbohydrate (10. 9%), and the compound fertilizer also obviously promotes the growth of the saccharide (10.7%) and the acid (7. 7%); and the organic fertilizer can promote the sugar and the amine. but the conversion of the amino acid is inhibited, the polymer used by the microorganism and the phenolic acid are not related to the fertilization, and the compound fertilizer has the effect of remarkably inhibiting the synthesis of the phenolic acid. (3) The soil nutrient and nutrient uptake of Paulownia in summer were the highest, the content was 1.67g/ kg, and the nitrogen content in the leaf samples was the highest in spring, the content was 38. 27g/ kg, the effective phosphorus content of the soil decreased with the change of the season, and the content of the phosphorus element in the leaf sample was relatively stable. However, the content of the total phosphorus and the effective phosphorus in the soil was positively correlated (p0.05); the content of the available potassium in the soil changes with the change of the season, and the potassium elements in the leaf sample decreased significantly in the fall. There was no correlation between the total potassium of the soil and the available K (p0.05), while the total phosphorus in the soil was significantly correlated with the effective phosphorus (p0.05). (4) The soil viscosity of the paulownia plantation was significantly higher than that of the control, and the content of the glutenite decreased by 3% ~ 4%, and the content of mucin increased by about 7%. The composition structure of soil was optimized by means of fertilizer application. (5) The microbial function diversity has a significant effect on the growth of paulownia, and the microbial functional diversity index (H = 4.25) of the application of the special fertilizer is significantly higher than that of the non-fertilization (H = 3.85), in which the plant-like chlorophyll and the diversity index have a very significant correlation (P = 0.801), and the uniformity index also reached a significant correlation level (p = 0. 511). At the same time, the index of microbial function diversity was positively correlated with the growth of paulownia (P = 0.05). The application of fertilizer improves the living environment of the microbial community, optimizes the whole structure of the soil nutrient, promotes the absorption of the paulownia to the soil nutrient, and accelerates the growth of the paulownia. (6) Comprehensive analysis of the soil, plant-like, microbial diversity and paulownia growth of paulownia plantation under different fertilization, the results of soil fertility of paulownia plantation show that the special fertilizer is significantly higher than the other three groups, The single-application organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer can improve the content of the individual indexes of the soil briefly, but the comprehensive fertility is not obviously improved, and the comprehensive fertility index under the treatment of the organic fertilizer is reduced. in which the distribution of the influence factors is large to small: soil total phosphorus, effective phosphorus, organic matter, quick-acting potassium, effective manganese, pH, effective zinc, effective calcium and sticky grain composition content, effective magnesium, microbial diversity index, total potassium, cation exchange capacity, and the like. Therefore, the most important to the paulownia plantation is the phosphorus element in the soil, which can be considered as a matter of priority in the application of fertilizer.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S792.43
，
本文编号：2368412
[Abstract]:Paulownia is one of the most important local fast-growing wood species in China, and is commercial cultivated in the warm temperate regions such as the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. However, in the subtropical region, the paulownia is only four-side greening tree species, and large-scale planting is not formed; in recent years, It is one of the key technical problems to be solved urgently in the nutrient management of Paulownia forest in order to evaluate the soil nutrient and soil microbial abundance in the subtropical region of Hunan and other subtropical regions. In order to study the effects of organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and special fertilizer on the soil nutrient and microbial function of paulownia plantation, this paper chooses the paulownia plantation in Xiangyin County of Hunan Province as the research object, and arranges the fertilizer effect fertilization test of Paulownia plantation. The growth status of paulownia under different fertilization treatments, the soil nutrient characteristics and their dynamic changes were measured, and the diversity index of soil microbial function in Paulownia was determined by BIOLOG-ECO microbial ecological plate method, and the method of correlation analysis, principal component analysis and soil quality evaluation index method were adopted. The characteristics of soil microbial function and the quality of soil fertility of Paulownia fortunei plantation under different fertilization measures are discussed. The theoretical basis for planting and fertilization of Paulownia fortunei plantation in subtropical region is proposed, and the concrete conclusion is as follows: (1) The application of special fertilizer for paulownia can significantly improve the annual growth of the DBH of Paulownia fortunei. The fertilizer efficiency is obviously higher than that of the organic fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the control. In this paper, the annual growth of the non-fertilizing paulownia is 0.67cm, the growth of the organic fertilizer is 0.68cm, the compound fertilizer is slightly superior to that of the organic fertilizer, and the growth amount of the paulownia for the application of the special fertilizer is 1. 01cm. The application of special fertilizer on the growth of paulownia was indicated. and (2) the soil microbial function diversity results show that the utilization rate of the carbon source is that the special fertilizer compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are not fertilized. The nutrient structure of the soil for the application of the special fertilizer is the best for the microbial demand, which is mainly manifested in the acid (growth amount of 23. 1%) and the carbohydrate (10. 9%), and the compound fertilizer also obviously promotes the growth of the saccharide (10.7%) and the acid (7. 7%); and the organic fertilizer can promote the sugar and the amine. but the conversion of the amino acid is inhibited, the polymer used by the microorganism and the phenolic acid are not related to the fertilization, and the compound fertilizer has the effect of remarkably inhibiting the synthesis of the phenolic acid. (3) The soil nutrient and nutrient uptake of Paulownia in summer were the highest, the content was 1.67g/ kg, and the nitrogen content in the leaf samples was the highest in spring, the content was 38. 27g/ kg, the effective phosphorus content of the soil decreased with the change of the season, and the content of the phosphorus element in the leaf sample was relatively stable. However, the content of the total phosphorus and the effective phosphorus in the soil was positively correlated (p0.05); the content of the available potassium in the soil changes with the change of the season, and the potassium elements in the leaf sample decreased significantly in the fall. There was no correlation between the total potassium of the soil and the available K (p0.05), while the total phosphorus in the soil was significantly correlated with the effective phosphorus (p0.05). (4) The soil viscosity of the paulownia plantation was significantly higher than that of the control, and the content of the glutenite decreased by 3% ~ 4%, and the content of mucin increased by about 7%. The composition structure of soil was optimized by means of fertilizer application. (5) The microbial function diversity has a significant effect on the growth of paulownia, and the microbial functional diversity index (H = 4.25) of the application of the special fertilizer is significantly higher than that of the non-fertilization (H = 3.85), in which the plant-like chlorophyll and the diversity index have a very significant correlation (P = 0.801), and the uniformity index also reached a significant correlation level (p = 0. 511). At the same time, the index of microbial function diversity was positively correlated with the growth of paulownia (P = 0.05). The application of fertilizer improves the living environment of the microbial community, optimizes the whole structure of the soil nutrient, promotes the absorption of the paulownia to the soil nutrient, and accelerates the growth of the paulownia. (6) Comprehensive analysis of the soil, plant-like, microbial diversity and paulownia growth of paulownia plantation under different fertilization, the results of soil fertility of paulownia plantation show that the special fertilizer is significantly higher than the other three groups, The single-application organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer can improve the content of the individual indexes of the soil briefly, but the comprehensive fertility is not obviously improved, and the comprehensive fertility index under the treatment of the organic fertilizer is reduced. in which the distribution of the influence factors is large to small: soil total phosphorus, effective phosphorus, organic matter, quick-acting potassium, effective manganese, pH, effective zinc, effective calcium and sticky grain composition content, effective magnesium, microbial diversity index, total potassium, cation exchange capacity, and the like. Therefore, the most important to the paulownia plantation is the phosphorus element in the soil, which can be considered as a matter of priority in the application of fertilizer.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S792.43
，
本文编号：2368412
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