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海洋酸化及变暖对刺参主要生理生态过程和免疫的影响

发布时间:2018-12-11 04:15
【摘要】:本文研究了海洋酸化及变暖对东亚浅海生态系统中重要经济物种和生态关键种——刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的影响。实验设置四组条件:对照组、升温组、酸化组合酸化升温组,研究了三部分内容:海洋酸化及变暖对刺参早期发育的影响、海洋酸化及变暖对刺参生长和能量收支的影响、海洋酸化及变暖对刺参免疫的影响。结果如下:1、对早期发育的研究结果显示,酸化组刺参受精率显著下降,但升温组和酸化升温组受精率与对照组相比无显著差异;酸化组刺参胚胎/幼虫的生长速度最慢,且个体较小,升温组和酸化升温组刺参幼体的发育速度显著快于对照组,且幼体的体型更大。研究结果表明,变暖能够促进刺参幼体的发育,而酸化对刺参的受精和幼体的早期发育都有抑制作用,但酸化的这种负面作用能够被变暖所抵消,表明是温度而不是pH是影响刺参早期发育的主要因素。2、对刺参生长和能量收支的研究结果显示,升温组刺参的生长未受到影响,刺参的特定生长率、摄食率、排粪率和饵料转化效率与对照组相比无明显差异,个体的离散程度低于对照组,且表观消化率显著低于对照组。酸化组刺参个体最小、特定生长率最低、个体体重的离散程度较大,而摄食率、排粪率、表观消化率和饵料转化效率未受影响。酸化升温组刺参的特定生长率、表观消化率和饵料转化率与对照组无明显差异,但摄食率和排粪率均显著低于对照组,且个体体重的离散程度低于对照组。能量方面,升温组摄食能、生长能、粪便能、排泄能和呼吸能均与对照组无明显差异,且摄入能量的分配模式也未发生改变。酸化组排泄能显著提高,且排泄能占摄入能量的比例也明显升高。酸化升温组的刺参具有最高的摄食能和呼吸能,生长能、粪便能和排泄能与对照组差异不显著,且摄入能量的分配模式未受影响。结果表明,变暖对刺参的生长和能量收支均无显著的影响,而酸化会抑制刺参的生长并改变能量的分配模式,酸化与变暖的共同作用能够抵消酸化带来的负面影响,促进刺参的生长,并维持能量的分配模式。3、对刺参免疫的研究主要包括了刺参体腔液的抗氧化能力(SOD、CAT和GSH-Px)和溶菌酶含量。研究结果显示,在升温、酸化以及酸化升温条件下,刺参体腔液的各免疫指标与对照组相比均未产生明显变化。结果表明,刺参长期暴露于胁迫环境中,机体产生适应能力,因此体腔液的几项免疫指标(SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和溶菌酶)与对照组无差异,但刺参的免疫力是否受到影响还有待进一步的研究验证。
[Abstract]:The effects of ocean acidification and warming on (Apostichopus japonicus), an important economic species and ecological key species in the shallow sea ecosystem of East Asia, were studied in this paper. Four groups of conditions were set up: control group, heating group and acidified combined acidification group. The effects of ocean acidification and warming on the early development of sea cucumber, and the effects of ocean acidification and warming on the growth and energy budget of sea cucumber were studied. Effects of ocean acidification and warming on the immunity of sea cucumber. The results are as follows: 1. The results of early development study showed that the fertilization rate of the acidified group decreased significantly, but there was no significant difference between the warming group and the acidified group compared with the control group. The growth rate of embryo / larva in the acidified group was the slowest and the individual was smaller. The growth rate of the larvae in the warming group and acidified warming group was significantly faster than that in the control group, and the larva was larger in size. The results show that warming can promote the development of larvae, while acidification inhibits fertilization and early development of larvae, but the negative effects of acidification can be counteracted by warming. It was indicated that temperature rather than pH was the main factor affecting the early development of sea cucumber. 2. The results of the study on the growth and energy budget of sea cucumber showed that the growth of sea cucumber was not affected, and the specific growth rate and feeding rate of sea cucumber were not affected. There was no significant difference in fecal excrement rate and feed conversion efficiency between the two groups. The degree of individual dispersion was lower than that of the control group, and the apparent digestibility was significantly lower than that of the control group. In the acidified group, the individual was the smallest, the specific growth rate was the lowest, and the individual weight dispersion was larger, but the feeding rate, excrement rate, apparent digestibility and feed conversion efficiency were not affected. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate, apparent digestibility and feed conversion rate, but the feeding rate and fecal excretion rate of the acidified warming group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the dispersion degree of individual body weight was lower than that of the control group. In terms of energy intake energy growth energy fecal energy excretion energy and respiratory energy of the heating group were not significantly different from those of the control group. The excretion energy of acidified group increased significantly, and the proportion of excretion energy to ingested energy also increased significantly. There was no significant difference in feeding energy, respiratory energy, growth energy, fecal energy and excretion energy between the acidified warming group and the control group, and the distribution pattern of intake energy was not affected. The results showed that warming had no significant effect on the growth and energy budget of sea cucumber, but acidification inhibited the growth of sea cucumber and changed the energy distribution pattern. The combined effects of acidification and warming could counteract the negative effects of acidification. The study on the immunity of sea cucumber mainly includes the antioxidation ability (SOD,CAT and GSH-Px) and lysozyme content in the body cavity of sea cucumber. The results showed that under the conditions of heating acidification and acidizing the immune indexes of the body cavity fluid of Acanthopsis japonicus had no significant change compared with the control group. The results showed that there was no difference in several immune indexes (SOD,CAT,GSH-Px and lysozyme) between the body and the control group because of the adaptability of the body when the sea cucumber was exposed to the stress environment for a long time. But whether the immunity of sea cucumber is affected or not remains to be further studied.
【学位授予单位】:大连海洋大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:S917.4

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